Use the equivalent sine wave in the time domain and frequency domain equivalent circuit method Equivalent Circuit Method

The project studied load transfer capacity of the transformer principle is the use of transformer capacity and loss of the relationship between the transformer losses and the relationship between the running costs, from the "road" point of view, the use of the time-domain equivalent  mcb circuit breaker  equivalent circuit method and  electric transformer  equivalent circuit combination form of time domain - frequency domain method is applied to the transformer characteristics of deduced load transfer capacity of the transformer magnetic circuit model and the model. By changing the high and low voltage windings way linking reduce iron loss, reduced by increasing the diameter of the winding copper loss, improve resistance to overload the transformer.

Maximum output power distribution transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller

For pumping the load carried by the distribution transformer, the maximum load torque at the start, the maximum output power  Voltage stabilizer transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller, the output power distribution  mcb circuit breaker  is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pumping starter, left a large distribution transformer capacity margin. The transformer load is low rate of long-term working status, resulting in a waste of  power transformers capacity and active and reactive power losses, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing the network loss. In order to reduce a pumping loss of power distribution transformers, it is necessary to use a start of pumping with a large capacity, in the normal operation pumping unit has a small capacity, the capacity to carry out the tone volume adjustment transformer.

Transformer manufacturer should find ways to reduce the dielectric strength is not the case

Kok, transformer insulation structure as an integral part of the winding end play to improve the distribution of electric field strength of the insulating effect, the stability of the technical performance of the system to ensure the reliability of the insulating  mcb circuit breaker . Electric transformer ends complicated and uneven distribution transformer manufacturer ways without lowering the dielectric strength should be the case, as far as possible to reduce the distance the end of the insulation, lower manufacturing costs, forming angle ring (hereinafter referred uniform is the angular ring) the emergence of precisely achieve this functionality. Kok raw material selection, processing, production and  power transformers are affected Kok insulation performance, the technical parameters of the important factors that become critical to ensure the safe operation of the transformer, so the ring in the corner to take the whole manufacturing process quality control measures to ensure that products quality defect. Supporting ring is mounted using a transformer winding end portion is uneven field, improve its insulation strength is the main way to improve field conditions.

Power transformer condition assessment, fault diagnosis and fault prediction

Research power transformer fault diagnosis method for improving power system security and reliability of decisive significance, but also has important theoretical value and broad application prospect. Power transformer fault diagnosis  mcb circuit breaker  power transformer condition assessment, fault diagnosis and fault prediction. Data for the power transformer fault diagnosis of small samples, poor information characteristics, study the theory of intelligent information  electric transformer  main power transformer fault diagnosis method, the main research contents: intelligent information processing method of key technologies. In the study analyzed the key  Voltage stabilizer intelligent information processing theory, based on the proposed intelligent information processing theory to the main line of the power transformer fault diagnosis technology solutions. Power transformer condition assessment algorithm. Determine the power transformer condition assessment index system based on cloud model study whitening weight function of gray clustering analysis and improved combined weighted gray target theory of power transformer condition assessment model, a priori knowledge and experimental analysis through joint optimization of cloud model parameters, research at normal power transformers for the bull's-eye of the improved data weighted gray target theory algorithms, optimization status classification.

Power transformer malfunction and have hidden faults

Summed power transformer malfunction and have hidden faults is demonstrated when various anomalies, for the study of power transformer fault location method provides practical basis. Analysis of power transformer fault detection technology, to  air circuit breaker  the power transformer internal fault detection and effective way. The use of fault tree analysis techniques (FTA) to build a power transformer  power transformers  fault classification tree model, will be introduced into electric power transformer fault localization studies. Study the characteristics of ant colony algorithm, principles, algorithms and implementation process model. Pheromone ant colony algorithm, the information heuristic function factor, the number of ants, ant colony algorithm expectations inspired performance factors on the impact of simulation studies.

Operating status of power transformers in the power system security and reliability has a pivotal position

Operating status of power transformers in the power system security and reliability has a pivotal position. Power transformers in operation in the event of damage  air circuit breaker , will directly affect the power grid, causing huge economic losses. Papers for the power transformer fault characteristics were studied based on ant colony  Electric energy meter  the power transformer fault localization method to achieve with less cost, more quickly and accurately detect the power transformer fault. Specific research work is as follows: For the common faults of power transformers, power transformers a lot of trouble for analysis.

Long period of low rate of transformer load loss caused by working status

For pumping the load carried by the distribution transformer, the maximum load torque at the start, the maximum output power distribution transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller, the output power distribution transformer is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pumping starter, left a large distribution transformer capacity margin. The transformer load is low rate of long-term working status, resulting in a waste of  air circuit breaker and active and reactive power losses, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing the network loss. In order to reduce a pumping loss of power distribution transformers, it is necessary to use a start of pumping with a  power transformers , in the normal operation pumping unit has a small capacity, the capacity to carry out the tone volume adjustment transformer. The project studied load transfer capacity of the transformer principle is the use of  Electric transformer  capacity and loss of the relationship between the transformer losses and the relationship between the running costs, from the "road" point of view, the use of the time-domain equivalent sine wave the equivalent circuit method and frequency-domain equivalent circuit combination form of time domain - frequency domain method is applied to the transformer characteristics of deduced load transfer capacity of the transformer magnetic circuit model and the model.

No power supply unit and difficult to test

Petersen coil compensated power voltage characteristic is essential in the actual operation of the tuning parameters. Power plant or in the installation and commissioning of power  mcb circuit breaker  Petersen coil before they are made ​​on the arc suppression coil voltage characteristic tests. In the past, the majority of power plants with a separate generator for arc suppression coil test power supply is really not  electri cenergy meter . For Power Supply Bureau, the absence of the power unit and difficult to test. To solve this problem, through the practice of using the power  Circuit breaker  transformers for trial to test the arc suppression coil voltage characteristics. If the arc suppression coil volt-ampere characteristics of a good, then the rated phase voltage, should be a linear relationship. Conversely near the rated phase voltage, appeared bent.

When used by the line current, lightning over-voltage shock

Is a stationary electrical distribution transformers. Although the mechanical structure, insulated handle other aspects of general electrical have in common, but because of the rated voltage of the transformer is often very high, especially when used by the line current, lightning over-voltage shock is very likely, if the design or  electric transformer  structure often will result in defective risk of burning. A  electri cenergy meter  often the total transmission and distribution wires road hub, in the event of an accident, it will produce serious consequences. Furthermore transformer parallel operation is often used to ask the parallel operation of two transformers in performance with some of the same points, so the transformer impedance, voltage than the poor.

Modest changes in operating voltage, so the loss can be considered as a fixed value

Transformer loss is a load loss (also called fixed losses) and the load loss (also called change loss) of two parts. No-load loss and operating voltage proportional to the square, the modest changes in the operating voltage, so the loss can be  air circuit breaker  as a fixed value, so that the fixed losses; load carried by the transformer loss is proportional to the square of the actual load, due to the general use  power transformers  load is constantly changing, so called variable losses. Comprehensive loss of the transformer may be the capacity of the transformer, voltage transformer load rate, load current, impedance voltage, power factor and the use of time and other parameters, obtained by calculation.

Adjust the tap should be first exit from the grid transformer

Distribution transformer no-load voltage regulation system, so adjust the tap should be first out of the transformer from the grid, to ensure that no power distribution  mcb circuit breaker , and make the appropriate security measures. (2) Unscrew the weatherproof cover the head screws, remove  power transformers . (3) before switching tap tap to see the location of each marker to distinguish gear. There are three general distribution transformers gear: 2 (Ⅱ) block represents the distribution transformer rated voltage, 1 (Ⅰ) distribution transformer block represents 105% of the rated voltage, 3 (Ⅲ) block represents 95% of the rated voltage distribution transformers .

Management and technical reasons, there parallel operation of transformer tap different gear

To meet the need for increased electricity consumption, increasing distribution transformer (hereinafter referred to as the transformer) for parallel operation, economical, convenient and flexible, is the user's choice. However, due to administrative and technical reasons, there paralleled transformer tap different gear, causing the transformer ratio is not equal to the economic impact of transformer operation and safety, resulting in accidents, should be noted. Ectopic reasons tap  electri cenergy meter  parallel operation three necessary conditions are variable ratio equal, the same  power transformers , impedance voltage percentile equal, in which connection group in the transformer factory has been fixed, and tap gear the change will result in changes in variable ratio, once the parallel operation of  Voltage stabilizer tap switch gear are different, it will cause a transformation ratio is not equal. Old transformer tap position inconsistent transformer tap general points high, medium and low-grade, the new transformer factory is generally fixed at mid-range, and has been running since adjusting the voltage transformers and other reasons, it is not necessarily tap gear in the mid-range, and in the new transformer installation and test, without the transformer tap position for verification, they will be put into operation.

Functionally graded piezoelectric material and related functionally graded piezoelectric bending drive

However, in practice the process of preparing the drive, a continuous distribution of the material component is difficult, replaced by a multilayer structure. In this paper, tape casting process to prepare a series of functionally graded  electric meter  material and related  Voltage stabilizer graded piezoelectric bending drive. The main contents include: the use of conventional solid phase synthesis method to prepare based piezoelectric ceramic powders; right PNN-PZT-based  circuit breakers ceramic powder slurry was cast performance studies; tape casting process used to prepare a series of casting sheet; Preparation piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties of a gradient in the thickness direction changes functionally graded piezoelectric material;

Developed a functionally graded piezoelectric actuators

Commonly used in the current construction of a piezoelectric single-, dual-chip driver at the interface between the layers stress concentration, resulting in the adhesive layer easily at a low temperature cracking, creep under high temperature, air circuit breaker  the life of the component. With different performance series PNN-PZ-PT material developed a functionally graded piezoelectric drive can overcome these  electric meter . In order to make a functionally graded piezoelectric drive gets large bending deflection, we need to high-voltage, low Voltage stabilizer  high strain piezoelectric material and low voltage, high dielectric properties combined with low strain piezoelectric material, and properties of the material composition and changes in the thickness direction of the gradient.

Bonding at the interface have a greater stress concentration generated discontinuous

Piezoelectric single bimorph drive applications that require a large displacement output, the conventional drive is the one or two piezoelectric layer bonded to a metal formed on the spacer layer. On the one hand, the low adhesion strength of the interface; other hand, since the piezoelectric layer gasket and the different nature of the material, at the interface of the adhesive have a greater stress concentration  air circuit breaker . Bonding stress concentration at the interface and weaken the structure of a piezoelectric single-chip dual-drive cycle of the main excitation are destroyed. In order to improve the life of the bending drive, the drive RAINBOW proposed. By chemical reduction method was prepared under the high   electric transformer    spacer layer, the spacer layer and the piezoelectric layer is made of a combination of chemical methods, at the interface so that a higher strength. However, due to material properties of the stress caused by discontinuity  mcb circuit breaker  situation has not been alleviated. FGM is based on the application requirements, choose from a variety of different properties of the material, the application of advanced composite technology, the material composition and structure of the middle part was a continuous gradient.

Input hysteresis nonlinear dynamical systems

As nanoscience and nanotechnology, the rapid development of micro-displacement piezoelectric actuator platform has become microscopic precision manufacturing equipment operation and processing to achieve a core component. However, piezoelectric actuators  Voltage stabilizer  hysteresis effect exists, it will cause the system accuracy tolerance, easy to produce oscillations, and even closed-loop system is unstable. In addition, micro-displacement piezoelectric actuator platform containing input Circuit breaker  dynamical systems, the existing mathematical model can not accurately describe the dynamics of this complex, resulting in precise  Electric transformer  model-based control and optimization strategies difficult to use. This controller is designed to compensate the hysteresis has brought great challenges. In this dissertation PZT micro-displacement platform object-depth study of nonlinear hysteresis compensation control theory and methods, aimed at eliminating piezoelectric actuator hysteresis effect on the driving accuracy, driving the piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement nanometer precision motion control platform, expanding piezoelectric actuators in precision manufacturing equipment application.

Can be driven by a low voltage, the ambient temperature is lower requirements

Giant magnetostrictive material (Giant MagnetostrictiveMaterial, GMM) drive has made ​​telescopic coefficient, output power, fast response, high accuracy and other characteristics, and the ability driven by a low voltage, the ambient temperature requirements are also low. Mainly used in precision engineering fields, such as ultra-precision  air circuit breaker , robotics displacement regulators, etc., can be precise and fast positioning, increase power output, with a high application value. In practical applications, the dynamic control of the actuator between the input current and output displacement exhibit significant non-linearity and the inherent  Electric transformer  of the material brought hysteresis nature. However, the implementation is applied at a low driving current, and quasi-static, since the magnetization process GMM mandrel may be similar to a static  electric meter , it is not significant hysteresis. On this occasion, the use of a GMM in the linear region, the input current and output displacement showed a linear relationship. However, due to the linear region of the smaller range, GMM trip shorter, so in some of the larger range of travel requirements of the occasion, such as high speed milling and hybrid motor design, the input current must be increased, increasing the itinerary.

Ultra-precision electromechanical systems to further improve the accuracy fast motion

Ultra-precision micro-displacement piezoelectric drive platform as a variety of modern microelectronics manufacturing equipment, a core component of its R & D directly affect the level of national electronic information industry's technological progress. However, the inherent piezoelectric actuator hysteresis characteristics, causes a serious decline in system accuracy, and even lead to instability of the closed-loop system. Therefore, in order to further improve the ultra-precision  Electric energy meter  precision electromechanical systems, nano-processing and operations to meet the requirements of the urgent need to study hysteresis compensation control theory and method. This paper studies the piezoelectric  Voltage stabilizer  compensation fuzzy control method, the design of two-dimensional parallel micro-moving platform, using a multi-input single-output fuzzy system for piezoelectric  power transformers  characteristics of modeling, real-time simulation system is constructed, on this basis, to achieve a hysteresis compensation fuzzy control experiments to determine the equivalent. First, the use of composite double parallel bar type flexure hinge mechanism, designed with a very low degree of coupling of the two-dimensional motion parallel micro-moving platform, its structural optimization calculations and finite element analysis using EDM wire cutting is completed, to achieve the relevant testing and experiments.

Superfine grain size is reduced into the mill, to achieve more crushing less grinding most direct means

More crushing less grinding is home to beneficiation industry recognized an effective way of energy saving and superfine grain size is reduced into the mill, to achieve more crushing less grinding most direct means. Since the loop superfine mill product size can be broken down to 4mm. In this thesis, the theory and crushing equipment prototype test  electric meter  in-depth study, to improve the mill processing capacity, reduce over crushed, full use of resources and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises has important significance. Since the circulation of Kunming  air circuit breaker ultrafine mill is an efficient low developed patented new device. It uses the binder layer crushing, secondary crushing full use of the energy. Ore in the small roller outer wall and the inner wall of a large drum  electri cenergy meter  composed of automatic cycle, has been repeatedly broken. Device uses a clever forced discharging device, discharging material against water, mud affected. In the self-circulation superfine mill design and manufacturing based on a medium-pressure material layer crushing theoretical research, experimental research and broken particle size characteristics and regularity of power investigated crushing pressure, exhaust mine clearance, a small roller speed processing capability for self-circulation ultrafine grinding mill performance.

Piezo linear drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism piezoelectric

Inertial the analysis of the current status of the piezoelectric actuator based on the proposed piezoelectric bimorph transducer element as the driving force, by controlling the moving mechanism and the support surface between the positive pressure on the friction ordered changes in the formation of directional movement novel piezoelectric drive. Based on this method, the design of the linear piezoelectric drive mcb circuit breaker and the rotary type piezoelectric drive mechanism. Specific studies are as follows: Through the analysis of the characteristics of piezoelectric material, indicating bimorph can be used as the basic element to achieve inertial impaction. Discusses the use of piezoelectric bimorph vibrator  circuit breakers positive pressure changes inertial piezoelectric drive mechanism of the structure and drive mechanism, the kinematic characteristics were analyzed. Analyzed by the finite element software vibrator vibrator structural parameters on the ends of the static deformation and natural frequency; Voltage stabilizer and experimental testing of two analytical methods for the selected bimorph vibrator were static and dynamic characterization. Tested by experiment, select the appropriate sector of the piezoelectric actuator drive power signal; analyzes the drive supply voltage, operating frequency, and the speed and load on the body of step rule, proposed control method.

Achieve the same level control system can guarantee minimum phase system

Because piezoelectric material according to the applied voltage to produce a corresponding deformation of the regulator as desired (actuator), the piezoelectric material in the deformation corresponding to the voltage generated as ideal sensor (sensor). Vibration suppression of the flexible structure, shape control, they want the piezoelectric  electric transformer  in the same location. Studies have shown that this approach can achieve the same level control system to ensure the system is minimum phase. Prevent the control, the number of vibration modes due to  mcb circuit breaker error generated, vibration may cause overflow (spillover) phenomenon, thereby to ensure  Voltage stabilizer  Therefore, it was proposed to sensors, actuators do in a piezoelectric material, so that the piezoelectric sensors and actuators can be in the same position. This method is called self-induction regulator (self-sensing ac-tuator). However, this method is in practice difficult to achieve.

Research Status and piezoelectric actuator control system applied research

Studied the characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, applications, research status and application of piezoelectric actuator control system of the status quo. Studied the piezo inertial drive designs theoretical basis. Select the piezoelectric stack vibrator driven element, made ​​symmetrical electrical excitation  electric transformer  stack vibrator by controlling friction and inertia changes with the driving force of an orderly, drive the piezoelectric inertial  mcb circuit breaker  program. Design of flexible hinge adjustment mechanism to adjust the angle for the piezoelectric stack, thereby improving exercise performance piezo inertial drive. While selecting V-rail piezo inertial drive for the design,  electric meter and V guideways. These basic research work is based on V-rail piezoelectric stack inertia driver designed to provide a theoretical basis. Designed based on the V-rail piezoelectric stack inertial drives, developed experimental prototype, the basic performance of the prototype tests carried out relevant tests.

Theory and Two piezoelectric ceramic transducer mechanism and characteristics

Tests showed that the design of linear and rotary piezoelectric actuators to achieve the micro-nanometer positioning accuracy. The main contents are as follows: firstly analyzes the domestic and international research piezoelectric actuator status and application prospects, made ​​of piezoelectric self-sensing control technology  mcb circuit breaker h piezoelectric self-sensing inertial drive. Theoretical analysis of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer and two-way mechanism and characteristics in piezoelectric equations, and piezoelectric transducer bidirectional  electric meter matrix for the application of piezoelectric ceramics provide a theoretical basis.  air circuit breaker a piezoelectric wafer transducer finite element analysis model, theoretical analysis of piezoelectric wafer vibrator vibration mode piezoelectric output is the inverse piezoelectric characteristics and output characteristics.

Just drive the piezoelectric wafer using a pair of directional movement oscillator can generate

Self-induced inertial piezoelectric drive for the study, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, National 863 Program, analyzed the application of signal generating circuit is relatively simple symmetrical wave excitation signal transducer piezoelectric wafer mcb circuit breaker movement of the drive inertial impact sports mechanism. Inertial impact principle design based on a novel linear and  Air circuit breaker movement to achieve two inertial impact piezoelectric drive, the drive is simply using a pair of  Voltage stabilizer wafer oscillator can generate directional movement, simple mechanical structure. Chip oscillator piezoelectric vibration control of the initiative to improve the self-sensing piezo inertial drive positioning accuracy.

Vacuum interrupter for the vacuum circuit breaker in the heart of its nerve center actuator

Medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker technology and vacuum breakers are generally made ​​of a conductive arc system, body, conveyance systems and actuator components. Wherein the vacuum interrupter chamber of vacuum circuit breakers in the heart of its nerve center actuator, both vital to the vacuum breaker. Medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker block diagram. Vacuum circuit breakers have decades of  Voltage stabilizer history, becoming the dominant medium voltage indoor products, production, new  power transformers  to emerge. Now indoor vacuum circuit breaker has formed a huge model system, there are hundreds of models. For ease of understanding, this article from product development, structure evolution and product type etc. is analyzed as follows. From the past, present, and will be run, which can be  mcb circuit breaker  four stages: the initial stages of development; development stage; improvement phase; module intelligent stage. First stage: the early stage of development during this period, the use of copper contact materials such as bismuth, breaking, fight wear and other properties are poor, performance is not stable enough, stop only at the level of 20kA or less, compared with less oil circuit breakers , no significant advantages. It uses actuator, either electromagnetic or spring mechanism, to reach 10,000 times life has a greater degree of difficulty.

Used with angle iron and welded steel plate bottom with wheels

Single-phase indoor high voltage vacuum circuit breaker is a railway electrification equipment. The level of advanced technology products in the domestic leading position, at an altitude of 3000 meters for the following areas. The circuit breaker is a handcart, the handcart with angle iron and welded steel plate bottom with wheels,  mcb circuit breaker , there are special plug into the outlet, the secondary loop can be remote operation, the same type of trolley can be interchanged and running safe, reliable, easy maintenance, reasonable structure, beautiful  Voltage stabilizer . For railway and have frequent occasion to meet off the capacitor bank and other characteristics, ease of construction operations. The product through the machine, Ministry of Railways joint identification is to fill the gaps in the new product, has been used in a large number of electrified railway.

Breaker with the new substation secondary system connected

Vacuum circuit breakers are widely used in electric railway traction substation, opening and closing with the partition. To strengthen professional training facilities, colleges configured the model circuit breakers, used to simulate the traction substation feeder circuit breaker and  Voltage stabilizer  the circuit breaker operation and control. 2010 These circuit breakers with the new substation secondary system  air circuit breaker  traction substation practical teaching. This model breaker body is set on a "remote / local" control mode switch. During a maintenance test, when this switch in the "local" bit operation, the circuit breaker tripping. After  circuit breakers , the original of this switch is not wired. Recovery wiring then "local" bit operation, the control panel found that the position of the circuit breaker on the corresponding LED is off, light plate light "control loop break," Computer Protection issued a "soft alarm." This seriously affects the normal surveillance equipment, easily cause misjudgment. At this point, we estimate that the construction is likely to eliminate this anomaly, intentionally missed the switch.

Targeted deployment of the addition of a new substation to ensure the transmission efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity

Emergence of a group smelter, stone plants and other industries. Result of the township's electricity load increased steadily, the old substation can not adapt to new developments gradually. Faced with this situation, on one hand, the old 10KV and 35KV substation were compatibilizer and equipment renewal, on the one hand and  electri cenergy meter  of the addition of new transmission substations to ensure the efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity. Part of the update in the device, the previous old oil circuit breakers used in substations been replaced (replaced by a vacuum circuit breaker), as the output of the substation,  power transformers , the circuit breaker is a very important device. After years of practice, summed up the old oil production to gradually adapt to the circuit breaker can not be new developments and needs, compared to the oil circuit  Circuit breaker  circuit breakers, there are some technical weaknesses not only there is a big security risk. Replace the vacuum circuit breaker has a great need for oil circuit breaker. Oil circuit breaker working principle and characteristics of oil circuit breaker when the contacts are separated, so that the contacts quickly immersed in a oil-filled cylinder body to cut off the oil passage to extinguish the arc.

Current manufacturing artificial current zero crossing will be very difficult

An important difference is that the former use of artificial zero-crossing method, the vacuum on the contacts current zero extinguish the arc, which is borrowed from the natural  Electric energy meter current arc. Although there has been applied to the VCB AC power system technology has matured, but it does not solve the current high rate of rise of the power system short-circuit current breaking issues. Since ACVCB is rated opening distance (a few millimeters to tens of millimeters) under breaking, usually takes a  electric meter  to tens of milliseconds, when the DC short circuit current rise rate 20A/μs when the short-circuit current  lectri cenergy meter will reach 100kA or more. Accordingly, to such a high current manufacturing artificial current zero will be very difficult, if achieved, will also lose the breaking limit of significance. A small opening in breaking away from the direct short-circuit current high rate of rise can be a good solution to the problem of excessive current. But a small opening under vacuum from the media recovery, but it is restricting the application of the method of the key issues. - At present, domestic and foreign media for the recovery characteristics of vacuum almost always based on a few millimeters to tens of millimeters at rated basis.

Suitable for switching capacitor banks requires a dedicated vacuum circuit breaker

Universal vacuum circuit breaker switching in the field generated when heavy breakdown, resulting in over-voltage is high, resulting in reactive power compensation device is not working safely. Therefore, the market urgently needs to be suitable  air circuit breaker dedicated vacuum circuit breaker, which requires both versatility and also specificity. In response to these problems, Daquan Group Co., Ltd. successfully developed a "40.5kV switching capacitor banks dedicated vacuum circuit breakers" that can effectively improve the quality of the power grid, with the following features.  power transformers  banks with very low of renewed to meet the requirements of C2 class vacuum circuit breakers. Mechanical life up to 30,000 times, to meet the requirements of M2-stage vacuum breaker. 30 times with a short-circuit current breaking capacity.

Commonly used interrupter circuit breaker switching capacitor does not conform

High reactive power compensation device has been widely used in power systems, as reactive power compensation to improve power factor, reduce losses, stabilize the voltage has been very common, requiring a circuit breaker switching capacitor banks frequently operate 30 times a day or more, but the domestic production of vacuum  air circuit breaker  40.5kV vacuum circuit  mcb circuit breaker  of basic performance reached this product development needs, usually used interrupter circuit breaker switching  Air circuit breaker does not conform to the requirements of domestic and no similar special vacuum circuit breakers, foreign using products such as ABB HD4 SF6 gas insulated to meet with, but the price is high and not environmentally friendly.

Cast resin dry type transformer noise pollution problems

Based on the basis of environmental protection, from cast resin dry type transformer component materials, operation, recycling point of view to analyze problems, and also studied cast resin dry type transformer noise pollution problem, the maximum extent  electri cenergy meter  cast dry-type transformers to meet environmental characteristics. Cast resin dry type  Voltage stabilizer constituent materials epoxy cast dry-type  electric meter  mainly by electromagnetic copper and aluminum materials, insulation materials and epoxy material. Epoxy resin as a flame retardant, fire, easily recyclable materials, its application greatly accelerate the development of dry-type transformers.

Run environmentally friendly epoxy cast dry-type transformers to the rapid development

With power generation and electricity consumption increased rapidly, dry-type transformers in China has been rapid development, especially with the national scientific development concept and the ideas of the sustainable development, with excellent performance and  air circuit breaker  friendly epoxy cast dry run transformers to rapid development. Cast resin dry type transformer is a kind of good flame resistance, reliability and easy Circuit breaker  of electrical  power transformers  in the sea oil systems, electrical systems, and many other aspects of a more broad application, especially in recent public environmental heightened awareness, cast resin dry type transformer applications are gaining more rapid development.

Transformation and cast resin dry type epoxy resin dry type transformer wrapping

Dry-type transformers are insulated with NOMEX paper is impregnated with resin dry type transformer and cast resin insulation dry-type epoxy transformation and wrap dry change. The former is a non-locked-in type, the latter two are locked-in type. For temperature  Voltage stabilizer , non-encapsulation type is mainly by convection and radiation to heat directly into the atmosphere, and the encapsulation type must first heat conduction through the way, the heat transmitted through the resin  circuit breakers  the winding, winding temperature difference between the surface of the resin can not be ignored Therefore, the second method is particularly suitable for cast resin dry type transformer temperature rise. That the winding Heat is  Electric energy meter  the surface by heat conduction, mainly by convection and radiation and scattered into the air, therefore, temperature rise should include two parts, heat conduction and convection.

Improved cast resin dry type transformer short circuit ability

Dry-type transformer short-circuit test problems were analyzed simultaneously proposed to improve the cast resin dry type transformer short-circuit capacity improvement measures. Short circuit test problems high dry-type transformers, low voltage winding their way around the system, and whether pouring classification, and a table of high and low voltage dry-type  mcb circuit breaker  can be used arbitrarily high and low voltage circuit breakers  form of combination. Respect for these combinations will dry type transformer short circuit test problems are summarized below. Dry-type  Voltage stabilizer  wrapped inspection classified substandard products accounted for about 6%. Symptom is winding displacement, eccentric, and even high and low voltage windings was smooth, counterclockwise rotation.

Discrete electronic components, impact fast transients

Then this technology in terms of performance using discrete components and error control and other aspects greatly step forward, high precision, small size, multi-function, performance, quality, reliability and easy operation and maintenance,  air circuit breaker , and achieved good economic and social benefits. The basic error of temperature controller temperature controller error sources are many, are: discrete electronic components, impact fast transients, spatial frequency, power transformers  power interruption, power supply voltage decreases, series mode interference and common mode  Voltage stabilizer  electronic components thermal noise, time drift, temperature drift, quantify and jitter. The error sources in the electronic components of the basic error caused by discrete adjustment potentiometer is often used approach.

Production of dry-type transformers

Dry-type power transformers are widely used in all walks of life in the city has basically replaced the oil-immersed transformers, dry type power transformers in order to ensure safe operation, and do not need special maintenance and management personnel, dry type power transformers need to configure the temperature Tour electri cenergy meter control device (referred temperature controller). However, when the country can  electric meter  transformers, it was not producing  Air circuit breaker  device, rely on imports. Until 1992 domestic production began, then uses a discrete component technology, performance is poor, less functional, low precision, bulky, high failure rate, operation trouble. If using chip technology made ​​into a dry-type transformer intelligent temperature controller.

Ensure dry type power transformers do not need special maintenance and management

Single-chip intelligent control technology made ​​into dry-type transformer temperature controller, than using discrete components in terms of performance and error control techniques such as a step forward, high precision, small size, multi-function, performance, quality, reliability and operating easy maintenance. Measurement, control  Electric energy meter principle whether the normal safe operation, is known for its winding temperature rise to decide. Dry-type transformers are three-phase, and the A-phase, B-phase and C phase three windings, each phase  mcb circuit breaker  to keep temperature, dry-type power transformers in order to ensure safe operation, and do not need special maintenance management, you need to configure the temperature patrol control instrument (referred temperature controller).

With epoxy cast dry-type power transformers with explosion-proof, flame retardant

Mine is currently widely used in oil-immersed transformer has many deficiencies. With the development of science and technology, new materials, new technology emerging, with cast resin dry type power  air circuit breaker  with explosion-proof, flame retardant, moisture, can be at 100% humidity environment safe operation, no pollution, anti short circuit, resistant to lightning impulse, strong overload capacity, low energy, low noise, small size, light weight, economic and Voltage stabilizer  performance, etc.,  circuit breakers  replace oil-immersed transformers. In the coal power system, reliability of supply are higher, the temperature rise is epoxy cast dry-type transformer applications in mines of the key issues to be addressed.

Combined with the most advanced data storage technology design

New air-cooled dry-type transformers generation of computer temperature controller, using the U.S. production of single-chip computer to control the core, combined with the most advanced data storage technology designed to make the whole product  air circuit breaker  scaled to a new level. And traditional analog and digital circuit temperature controllers, because using high-performance micro-controller, the product can   Electric energy meter  number of required electronic  circuit breakers  for more than half of the circuit design and structural design greatly simplified, so that a very greatly improve the operational reliability of the entire product. The analog and digital circuit temperature controller failure rate is very high.

Tandem two-winding high-power DC contactor for the study

Therefore, the use of virtual prototyping technology for high-power DC contactor dynamic characteristics analysis and optimization has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, two-winding series high-power DC contactor for the study, based on virtual prototyping  air circuit breaker  with the type of the structural  electri cenergy meter  of the contactor to analyze the static mechanical properties of the reaction force, the establishment of two-winding structure equivalent circuit model, developed DC contactors dynamic Characteristics analysis of virtual  Voltage stabilizer , and thus on the dynamic characteristics of the contactor to optimize the design in order to improve its reliability and electrical life. More software co-simulation method, a high-power DC contactor dynamic characteristics analysis model.

Traditional contactors product-oriented design methods, using trial and error methods

DC contactors as an automatic control of electrical, mechanical, electrical industry, an important basic element in the national economy plays an irreplaceable  mcb circuit breaker  role. High-power DC contactor design a collection of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and other multi-disciplinary theories,  Voltage stabilizer  difficult. Traditional contactors product-oriented design methods, using trial and error methods, development and production cycle is long, low efficiency, high cost; and product performance and other aspects of electrical life is often difficult to achieve the desired. The dynamic characteristics affecting the merits of high-power DC contactors and electrical life good or bad performance, mechanical longevity is an important factor.

Timing operation can be achieved with the relay, interlock control, a variety of quantitative control and loss of pressure and undervoltage protection

AC contactors are widely used in automatic control circuit, is an automated control of low-voltage electrical appliances, mainly used frequently make or break off diplomatic relations, the DC circuit, control capacity, can use the main contact to open and close the circuit for remote operation, with auxiliary contacts to  mcb circuit breaker  commands, timed operation can be achieved with the relays, interlock control, a variety of quantitative control and loss of voltage and under-voltage protection. Currently, AC contactor mainly focused on its magnetic, electric and sports  Voltage stabilizer  analysis and optimization, particularly in the electromagnetic and electric analysis and optimization of the more popular and more practical significance. In this paper, with a different AC contactor auxiliary contacts, using experimental and simulation method, the AC contactor static  circuit breakers  properties of the system, combined with different auxiliary contacts of the reaction force characteristics of the electromagnetic system optimization.

AC contactor auxiliary contacts can be connected to the control circuit

AC contactors are widely used in low-voltage control system. With the development of national economy and the growth of the power industry, the demand for AC contactor will continue to grow, and to put forward higher requirements. AC contactor auxiliary  mcb circuit breaker  be connected to the control circuit, the output control signal. In order to meet the needs of different users with different auxiliary contact modules AC contactor emerged. With different auxiliary contacts, the AC  electric meter  different dynamic characteristics, and dynamic characteristics of AC contactor is to  Voltage stabilizer  the key to work reliably, so the auxiliary contact modules with different AC contactor has important dynamic characteristics were studied significance. The topics to communicate with different contactor auxiliary contacts as the research object, using ANSYS and ADAMS combined method contactor closing process simulation and dynamic analysis.

A half breaker breaker reclosing with two different

A half breaker with a circuit breaker reclosing it different, with its own characteristics :: column paper introduces a semi-breaker closing credits configuration, especially a silk three circuit breakers connected to two reclosing of with most. Two r a silk two lines ask breaker reclosing feature twist a book j a 'pick a cast Lu Bu breaker and a transformer, the circuit breaker has two  mcb circuit breaker  sequence should have the flexibility to select the first storm which group chu  power transformers MUX, generally choose to Taiwan female twist circuit breaker. Head coincidence ~. New circuit breakers coincidence  Air circuit breaker  before frying another Si Yu, the head of a group of co-breaker urgent coincide unsuccessful, should two New York-phase circuit breaker tripped simultaneously, = _7f = atresia Xia bonded urgent closing .

Circuit breakers connected to a string of three and a transformer

Extensive use of a half breaker, double busbar or double it with a different bus terminal, it's not a  air circuit breaker  a line, which is connected to an average of one and a half circuit breaker, such as circuit breakers connected to a string of three lines and a  electric meter  , or a string of three circuit breakers connected to two lines, because a half breaker on the number of lines and the number of transformers ranging from the largest number of the transformer when the line number, there will be a string of three circuit breakers connected to two lines.

On behalf of the bypass road must be considered when calculating energy

On behalf of the bypass path must be considered when calculating the energy, increasing the computational  Voltage stabilizer . There tie breaker failure or for maintenance, you must change the substation operation mode, increasing the difficulty of scheduling and  power transformers  complexity. 220kV single circuit breaker system with bypass connection mode transformer unit doubles as a tie breaker breaker pair of wiring large power plants abroad or more than 110kV substation with dual breaker wiring, so that components work simultaneously in a double busbar , either a circuit breaker can quickly repair operation.

On behalf of the transformer circuit breaker with bypass breaker operation

Double busbar three main segments with bypass wiring problems present a lot of 500kV Substation 220kV double busbar system uses three main segments with bypass wiring. This wiring 500kV substation in actual operation, on behalf of the transformer in the bypass breaker breaker protection on many occasions during the operation  mcb circuit breaker , operating personnel misuse of accidents, this is mainly due to the operation of the current  electric meter  must be considered transformer (TA) circuit, the DC circuit, protection circuit and the outlet boot failure protection  Circuit breaker such as circuit switching, which switches on the operating personnel and the protection devices in high demand, especially in some less flexible protection switching, complicated operation , you can not fast operation.

A group of the main bus repair or failure does not affect the loop powered

Each line or main transformer circuit breaker using two groups were the main bus access main electrical wiring. Its advantages are high reliability, a group of the main bus  mcb circuit breaker  or failure does not affect the circuit power supply; either a circuit breaker repair or failure, it can be connected in parallel with another  electric meter  continues to supply. The disadvantage is that the circuit breaker in larger quantities larger investment.

Less oil circuit breaker itself caused many of its structural characteristics of insecurity

One important reason is that the older less oil circuit breakers caused. Less oil circuit breaker itself caused many of its structural characteristics of insecurity, such as the impact of closing when the current, the DC system voltage fluctuations; circuit  mcb circuit breaker  operating time is longer, affecting accident rapid removal of the fault point; caused due to years of operation switch aging, usually oil spills oil leakage  Voltage stabilizer  often occur, so that the circuit breaker overhaul cycle is shortened, operating personnel should also increase  Air circuit breaker ; especially when a major accident cut off the fault current circuit breaker, it is likely to cause the circuit breaker injector even explosion. These factors have a serious impact on the company's safety and economic operation.

Since sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker as the main medium is sulfur hexafluoride gas

The main features of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker as sulfur hexafluoride as the main medium is sulfur  electric transformer  gas, therefore, the circuit breaker itself, lighter weight, the volume is relatively small, and the structure is relatively simple, the noise is relatively low.  Circuit breaker  sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker relatively long service life, but also easy to maintain. Specific characteristics can be  mcb circuit breaker as sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker following two aspects: 1. Safety and high reliability. Sulfur hexafluoride gas is an inert gas, itself non-toxic, colorless, odorless, nonflammable, strong electronegativity, with excellent arc performance. High dielectric strength of air at atmospheric pressure for the three insulating gas.

The basic principle of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker working principle and characteristics of (a) the basic working principle of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker, also known as sulfur hexafluoride SF6  air circuit breaker , it is a kind of sulfur hexafluoride gas as the arc and dielectric circuit breaker. Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker works is when  Circuit breaker  circuit breakers sulfur hexafluoride gas pressure decline, reached the first alarm, the relay followed by action and send qi pressure signal; when the gas   power transformers   continues to drop, reached the second alarm, the relay operates again and also issued a closure pressure signal to the circuit breaker closing circuit is disconnected, in order to achieve sub-closing latch.

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene after the inspection

General provisions (a) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker arrived at the scene after the inspection. 1) out of the box should be checked before packing undamaged. 2) equipment, parts, spare parts and special tools and instruments should be complete,  circuit breakers  deformation. 3) insulation should be no deformation, moisture, cracks and peeling. 4) ceramic surface should be smooth, without cracks and defects,  mcb circuit breaker  be no blisters. 5) filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas components, the pressure value should meet the technical requirements. 6) factory documents and  Circuit breaker  information should be complete. (2) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene and the subsequent custody. 1) Original equipment shall be placed on the flat, no water, no corrosive gases venue.

Single fracture type classes in other high voltage circuit breakers

With sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as the extinguishing medium or a circuit breaker also be used as insulating medium. Its single fracture type classes in other high voltage circuit breaker. In EHV circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breaker component count, high reliability and breaking capacity, long maintenance cycle, no fire hazard, and  electri cenergy meter  very popular, is developing rapidly. Sulfur hexafluoride gas which is an ideal modern arc  electric meter  medium, by the Frenchman Moisan (Moissan) and Lebow (Lebeau) synthesized in 1900, 1904, began to be used as the extinguishing medium. It is due to its excellent properties with the "negative" of the discharging process, the negative electron and ion forming a plurality of negatively charged binding.

Less oil circuit breaker role of transformer oil

The use of transformer oil or oil as a dedicated circuit breaker contact between the insulation and arc-quenching medium, and the insulation of the circuit breakers with solid insulation. Less oil circuit breaker transformer oil's role and interrupter  air circuit breaker  types and more oil is basically the same, but the fuel consumption is a lot less than the oil circuit breaker. Typical outdoor high-voltage circuit  mcb circuit breaker  less oil as shown schematically, which contains interrupter, intermediaries boxes, porcelain pillar and base, and several  Circuit breaker . Less oil circuit breakers are mainly developed European countries, the purpose is fuel efficient. In the 1940s, less oil circuit breaker breaking capacity and service life are very limited.

Transformer oil or circuit breaker for oil as an insulating and arc-quenching medium

The use of transformer oil or circuit breakers for oil as an insulating and arc-quenching medium breaker. Its main circuit and arc conductive element is placed in a special oil filled  mcb circuit breaker  oil or ground tank shell, cabinet generally cylindrical or oval cylindrical, fuel consumption is large, such as 12kV oil circuit breaker oil level number  electric meter , 252 kV class needs more than 40 tons of oil. For fuel, the development of the 1950s had been case-shaped oil circuit breaker, but soon to be rapidly replaced by less oil circuit breakers. Structural principle of oil circuit breaker as shown. Oil circuit breaker structure principle Figure 1 - insulating sleeve China; - current transformer; 3 - transformer oil; 4 - static contact and interrupter.

Breaker failure mode of operation and the reasons for the circuit breaker

Causes of failure caused by spring mechanism 1.1 breaker failure mode of operation of the circuit breaker in the long run and the reasons for the case of failure in the form of institutional bodies refuse division Hop points not in place. Main reasons:  air circuit breaker  and institutions damaged parts, circuit breakers and institutional components rust, institutions and breaker assembly quality of the merits, the second  electric meter  component failure. Circuit breakers and parts breakage main reasons: First component strength design deficiencies; Second operator misuse; three parts due to corrosion caused by parts strength.

Medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker has made great progress, and achieved good results

Medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker has made great progress, and achieved good results, especially in the performance of the 12 kV voltage level, vacuum circuit breakers predominant. Currently, 12 kV outdoor vacuum circuit breakers are equipped with a  Electric energy meter  actuator actuator majority. Currently, outdoor vacuum circuit breaker products tend to focus on the design of the main circuit breaker and  mcb circuit breaker e, while ignoring the actuator in operation life. All circuit breakers life is ultimately reflected in the contact switching operation, while the switching operation is achieved through the actuator. Therefore, the actuator's work performance, reliability and quality merits, the circuit breaker performance and reliability plays an extremely important role.

High voltage circuit breakers, the required actuator provides high points closing speed

High-voltage circuit breakers, it is required to provide both actuator points higher closing speed, but also to achieve rapid auto-reclosing operation. Existing main hydraulic actuator and spring actuator, etc., mostly constituted by a set of mechanical devices, spare parts and more complex drive mechanism, the manufacturing process requires high, and the movement is not controllable. Therefore it is  mcb circuit breaker  to study a small, fewer parts, simple structure, reliable, and controllable movement actuator. Linear electric motor is a direct conversion of the mechanical energy into linear motion driving means, and in many need for the rotary motion into linear motion of the occasion of use, which eliminates the need for an  electri cenergy meter  mechanism, so that the apparatus can be simplified, in particular, linear induction motor (C-LIM) is easy to control, regulation system is simple, and can be adjusted by changing the speed of the secondary material and thrust,  Voltage stabilizer . Features designed using the C-LIM circuit breaker operating mechanism has a simple structure, the driving force of smooth, long stroke action and other advantages, and can optimize the itinerary curve, to achieve body system servo control circuit breaker to improve performance, mechanical properties reliability.

Metal gear actuator friction parts required

General provisions (a) actuator transported to the site of the inspection. 1) All actuator components,  mcb circuit breaker  and spare parts should be complete. 2) Actuator parts should be no rust, damage and moisture and other phenomena. 3) oil-filled, inflatable parts should be no leakage. (2) actuator transported to the site and the subsequent custody. A)  electric meter  shall its use be placed indoors or outdoors custody. 2) air compressors, valves should be placed indoors custody. 3) control box or organization should be properly kept me not damp. 4) custody, the response of the metal gear actuator friction member checks and protect against rust. (3) operating mechanism in the shipping and handling too.

Sequence of operations and the way to achieve engagement and detachment mechanism

The circuit breaker contacts at the specified sequence of operations and the way to achieve engagement and  mcb circuit breaker  mechanism. Including motivation, initiative and drive, several components of the buffer.  power transformers  power from the human or Electric storage tank, and then converted to the electromagnetic force, the spring force, the hammer force, gas or liquid pressure, so as to achieve the operation of the breaker, thereby forming a hand power actuator type,  Voltage stabilizer , spring energy, pneumatic and hydraulic actuator. The characteristics of various types of actuator shown in the table. Actuator functions breaker operating mechanism to achieve closing, kept closing, opening, reclosing, combined points, trip-free, to prevent jumping, reset, and so on.

Air circuit breakers and magnetic blow pilot project cycle and standard serial

Air circuit breakers  mcb circuit breaker  blow pilot project cycle and standard serial number and description of the project cycle test standard 1 40.5kV and above support ceramic casing and lift lever leakage current (a) when the transfer; (2) 1 to 3 years; (3) after overhaul (1) transfer: 35kV air above the pillars and magnetic blow  power transformers  porcelain sets and DC leakage current of each fracture test voltage shall be 40kV, and the high-pressure side of the leak when reading 1min current value, the measured leakage current value should not be greater than 10μA; 220kV leakage current value of not more than 5μA.

In contact with the wall of the arc splitter plates, accelerated cooling of the arc

Using the principle of magnetic arc blow a circuit breaker. Column using a magnetic field by the electromagnetic force on the arc that drives the arc into the grid sheet is  electric transformer  a set of arc chamber wall of the arc in contact with the gate sheet, accelerated cooling of the arc, to enhance ionization of the arc off quickly. In  power transformers with the gate films of different materials, magnetic blow circuit breakers are generally divided into metal gate chip and insulating grid sheet two. Magnetic blow-piece metal gate structure of the circuit  circuit breakers  in principle, a gate conductive film is a metal, the electromagnetic force of the arc into a grid sheet, the arc is divided into a number of short, when the current zero after every a short arc gap on the dielectric strength can be up to several hundred volts.

Heating effect of current bending deformation of the bimetal causes

Hot air circuit breaker tripping mechanism generally bimetal composition, when the current through, due to the thermal effect causes the current bimetal bending. If the current  air circuit breaker  the allowable range, that will lead to mechanical linkage mechanism, so that the air circuit breaker contacts open, that is, switch tripping,  circuit breakers . Overall  Voltage stabilizer  test rig into the air circuit breaker factory inspection and automatically adjusts quickly hot air circuit breaker tripping mechanism two parts, this system has a function switch, rapid testing and automatic adjustment of heat release two blocked. After a system reset, respectively, according to the position of the switch into its own program.

To improve production efficiency several times the rated current of the test

Air circuit breaker (commonly known as air switch) should be extensively in industrial and mining enterprises, institutions colleges, shops and homes. Because it has good  air circuit breaker  and short circuit protection, and gradually replaced the knife switch and fuse. To  mcb circuit breaker  quality of the product, whether it is factory test or type test should be carried out time-lapse thermal tripping test. Trial is to assess the thermal effects of products, namely overload performance. In order to improve production efficiency need several times the rated current test current and multi-position to experiment, which the test bench made ​​new demands.

Microelectronics technology as the core control technology has been successfully applied in a variety of low-voltage electrical

With the sensor technology, microelectronics technology, low-voltage electrical appliances in the experience from the electronic type electromagnetic development, has begun to enter intelligent. Microelectronic technology as the core control  air circuit breaker  has been successfully applied in a variety of low-voltage electrical , not only improved switching performance, but to some extent also promote the secondary grid  circuit breakers  innovation. voltage air circuit breakers are electrical areas, China is now using ZDS marine DC air circuit breaker protection program has been stuck in a very long time imitation of the former Soviet Union on the product model, application of traditional electromagnetic circuit breaker main problems are: voltage level, current level, breaking capacity is not enough;  power transformers  overcurrent protection current range of motion, lack of precision, reliability is poor; breaker adjustment, repair is not convenient and abroad from the 1990s, the latter began to develop a new generation of AC ACB products are generally achieve high performance, electronic, intelligent, modular, product line, size, variety, wide coverage, able to adapt to low-voltage power distribution, control systems and complete sets of equipment development requirements. developed with electronic overcurrent protection devices or smart breaker breaker breaker breaking capacity increased to improve the overall technical performance has become China's development of marine DC air circuit breakers the inevitable trend.

Just from the battery and DC charging device point of view, the DC system reliability can be guaranteed

Visible single from the battery and DC charging device point of view, the DC system reliability can be guaranteed. But DC can successfully and reliably send out, whether in the DC  electri cenergy meter  when a selective removal of fault segments, to ensure that other non-fault load of work, we must rely on the loop in series with the DC output  power transformers  DC Air the normal operation of the circuit breaker and the correct fit. Because from the DC charging device output to the last one in the middle of the DC load side will  Voltage stabilizer  several fuses and DC air circuit breakers, if any of the components before and after class with properly, it will appear that a blown fuse is not blown, should not have blown a fuse has blown;

Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through arc area

Compressed air as the dielectric and insulating medium interrupter breakers. Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through the arc region, and as a pillar porcelain  electri cenergy meter ventilation to keep the cavity dry. Compressed air is first compressed to a pressure of 15 ~ 20MPa, and then reduced to 2 ~ 3 MPa to obtain a relative humidity of 15% to 20% of the dry air, which can avoid the diurnal  circuit breakers  changes by 20 ~ 30 ℃ the saturation and precipitation moisture. Air circuit breakers usually interrupter, support structures and gas system components, can be divided into instantaneous inflatable, inflatable sub-gate, often inflatable and constant pressure of four.

Battery-powered systems and DC charging device

In the 21st century, the use of battery-powered systems and DC charging device either in appearance,  mcb circuit breaker , reasonable structure, function, job stability and other aspects of a great development. VRLA batteries are maintenance-free sealed lead-acid battery, this battery has a large capacity, discharge rate, stable  air circuit breaker , less maintenance, long life and other advantages; charging device is a microprocessor-based high-frequency switching DC power supply, use can work independently N +1 redundant charging module configuration, the use of computer-based central monitor, by setting the standard battery charge and discharge curve of the battery automatically manage the whole process and so on.

Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through arc area

Compressed air as the dielectric and insulating medium interrupter breakers. Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through the arc region, and as a pillar porcelain jacket chamber ventilation to keep the cavity dry. Compressed air is first  electri cenergy meter  to a pressure of 15 ~ 20MPa, and then reduced to 2 ~ 3 MPa to obtain a relative humidity of 15% to 20% of the dry air, which can avoid the diurnal Voltage stabilizer  by 20 ~ 30 ℃ the saturation and precipitation moisture. Air circuit breakers usually interrupter, support structures and gas system components, can be divided into instantaneous inflatable, inflatable sub-gate, often inflatable and constant pressure of four.

Single circuit breaker breaking capacity is more difficult to achieve a breakthrough

Limited to the current level of manufacturing processes and materials, a single circuit breaker breaking capacity is more difficult to achieve a breakthrough, focusing on long-term development of the grid, parallel technology research will be to increase capacity circuit breaker is an effective way [2-4]. High-pressure systems are widely used in  air circuit breaker  gas SF6 circuit breaker, does not meet the energy saving industry trends. Single fracture level of pressure and vacuum circuit breaker to open only a short distance  electric meter  linearly gap, the gap distance 10mm open only after the root square value proportional to [5-6], so the single fracture  electri cenergy meter  breaker more difficult to raise the level of voltage. Experiments show that the vacuum medium, multiple small gap in series to get the voltage level equal to the distance over a long gap voltage level.

Short-circuit current exceeds the circuit breaker breaking capacity

With the power system through its own  Voltage stabilizer  and internetworking, system structure become more complex, short-circuit and short circuit current capacity is also growing. When the short-circuit current exceeds the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker can not be  mcb circuit breaker  cut short circuit fault, it would  air circuit breaker  threaten the whole power system electrical equipment for safe operation. At present, the existing high-voltage circuit breaker breaking current general 63kA. ABB in the voltage level of 126kV SF6 Circuit Breakers maximum breaking current up to 80kA, no domestic products the same parameters independent intellectual property rights.

Excitation system, turbine generator set technical requirements

Technical requirements and system-wide excitation systems for turbine generator set technical requirements are mainly: excitation system inside the unit and an electrical  Circuit breaker , they can reliably stop excitation, and in the drying process to ensure the rotor winding over-voltage value is not over the long-term safe operation of the insulation  mcb circuit breaker conditions allowed values​​, so that drying deexcitation time as short as possible, in order to try to limit the scope of the accident; electric field breaker should be able to distant switching,  circuit breakers ; system failure can be self diagnostic alarm, easy maintenance. Demagnetization resistance parameter selection is often due excitation resistor can also be used as the rotor winding over-voltage protection.

High-voltage circuit breakers in the power system of scientific innovation play a key role during the operation

High-voltage circuit breakers in the power system technological innovation play an important role in the implementation process, and gradually improve the power system needs technical support, only the full realization of technological innovation, the power system to run smoothly for national economic development to provide quality services. High-voltage circuit breakers in the power system of scientific innovation play a key role during the operation, the need to take effective measures to improve the level of technological innovation high voltage circuit breakers.  electri cenergy meter  operating mechanism formulated the basic problem analysis 1.1 Analysis breaker circuit breaker mechanism work in power systems play an important role in the implementation process through the operating mechanism to change the direction of force and the drive components and the action point, allowing completion of the corresponding default target. Breaker main source of  circuit breakers  ways, one is human, the other is the electricity. Breaker system in addition to manpower agencies, its pneumatic mechanism, electromagnetic agencies and institutions are relying on the hydraulic power for doing work. Finally able to  Voltage stabilizer  instantaneous release of energy generation associated action. With China's accelerated pace of new rural construction, rural works on the entire new rural construction play an important role in the process of rural power grids through the use of new equipment to see, although some components of a comprehensive updating and improvement, but technically no major breakthrough, so there is the phenomenon of excessive action links.

Select OK suitable for a specific application circuit protection devices

Select OK suitable for a specific application circuit protection devices is not difficult, but does require some thought fee. If the electrical and electronic equipment used in the design specifications of making a very loose side of the circuit  Electric energy meter , the device can easily be damaged by shock due to power and led to the disastrous consequences of the fire, on the contrary, if the strict specifications of making a very biased circuit protection devices will cause annoying frequent tripping. The  Air circuit breaker  breakers are mainly thermal circuit breakers, magnetic circuit breakers and earth leakage circuit breakers and other types. In the choice of the circuit breaker, the designer only needs to consider the following characteristics of the circuit, the circuit breaker should also be considered,  electric meter  the installation location and case size limitations: ● The nominal applied ac or dc voltage ● Single-phase, multi-phase, and the number of poles ● applicable national electrical standards and safety management agency standards ● short-circuit breaking capacity a thermal breaker hot series with the circuit breaker using a bimetal. Current overload causes the heat generated during the deformation of the bimetal, so that the circuit breaker. Compared with the fuse, thermal protector has a significant advantage, in that can be reset after tripping. They can also be protected as the power on / off switch. As the temperature increases, the thermal circuit breaker trip speed, and often at a lower current level tripping occurs.

Power system protection and operation of the major electrical devices

Can carry, closing and breaking the normal operation of the line currents can also be carried within the stipulated time, closing and breaking currents under abnormal (such as short-circuit current) switching equipment, power system protection and  air circuit breaker  of the major  electric meter  devices. Circuit-breaker many different types, but basically the main circuit are electrically conductive, insulating support member, and the interrupter operating mechanism composed of several parts. mcb circuit breaker  include: ① a conductive main circuit, through the movable contact, static contact and separation of the contacts on the circuit implementation and isolation; ② interrupter, the circuit breaking arc generated during the sealed chamber under a high pressure in rapidly within tens of milliseconds off, cut off the circuit;

Improve the transmission capacity of the line unit corridor, reducing the cost of electric power construction

In order to improve the land utilization, improve the transmission capacity of the line unit corridor, reducing the cost of electric power construction, the same tower transmission mode of the power system in our country has been widely used to get a huge economic benefits. Compared with the ordinary lines, Dong Thap Line on  electric transformer  forward higher requirements. Zero sequence mutual inductance and cross-line failures are affecting the same tower line relay correct action or not, the two major factors. This paper focus on these two aspects, the level of  air circuit breaker  the fault lines on the same tower in which the back-end of the power grid support the strength, the strength of the electromagnetic contact with the tower and line their own different operation modes such circumstances  electric meter lure modes of failure features research, from the level of protection for phase selection from the protective action zone, zero sequence current, ground impedance, zero sequence directional element longitudinal behavior of such action systematic analysis and assessment.

When the primary system fails transient current will cause a non-periodic component of conventional electromagnetic current transformer saturated

Force when the primary system fails transient current will cause a non-periodic component of conventional electromagnetic current transformer (TA) saturated, so the secondary  Voltage stabilizer  distortion, thus affecting the rapid and accurate discrimination of the fault, not better meet the relay protection of rapidity, sensitivity, selectivity and reliability  electric meter . And based on Faraday magneto-optical effect optical current transformer (OCT) measurement range, simple and reliable  power transformers , no magnetic saturation, no secondary open circuit dangerous, anti-electromagnetic interference capability, small size, light weight, easy installation and transportation, with easy microcomputer protection interface to solve the long-standing protection of TA saturation and accuracy is not high transient problem. China currently has some OCT linked network run, but different methods to achieve the manufacturers to make new OCT and protection devices interface between standards mesh becoming prominent.

Summarize research findings in all aspects of digital substation proposed definition and characteristics

Traditional substation digital technology use limitations, summarize all aspects of research findings presented digital substation definition and characteristics, discusses the digital substation models and functional stratification, investigation of the digital substation  electric meter  status, a preliminary study of the digital substation core technology the communication network construction and step implementation of the electronic transformer composition, theory and use situation, focus on the low-power electronic transformer principles, characteristics and  Air circuit breaker  for low power electronic voltage transformer sub-pressing issues an innovative practical solutions, and finally for the Shanghai power grid, this paper proposes a low-voltage power grid in specific applications, with  electri cenergy meter . Based on IEC61850 standard digital substation, refers to the substation once the electrical equipment to achieve digital communications, digital primary equipment and secondary smart devices are in accordance with the station uniform standard platform for data modeling and communication, and on this platform, based on the mutual interoperability between.

The digitized output and adapt to network wiring and other obvious advantages to meet the miniaturization of power system equipment

With modern power systems to high pressure, long-distance, large-capacity in the direction of, the traditional electromagnetic transformer insulation because of its complex structure, magnetic saturation, bulky, difficult to meet the cost of the disadvantages of modern development. In recent years, the emergence of electronic transformer, with its digital output and adapt to network wiring and other obvious  Electric energy meter  the power system equipment miniaturization, intelligence, good safety and the quality of economic operation and high reliability needs of the digital substation play an important role. Therefore, the combination of digital  Voltage stabilizer  equipment detect trends and needs, establish electronic transformer model is an increasing need for electronic transformer Transfer Characteristics and study of the impact on the protection of great  Circuit breaker  significance and practical value. This paper mainly electronic current transformers as the main line, the first in analyzing its structure and measuring principle based on the active-type software completed electronic current transformer sensor head and analog signal processing system modeling work, derive the transfer function model and the simulation parameters into the prototype model of the frequency characteristics and error factors.

Protection devices as the main substation secondary equipment

Digital substation substation automation in China will run and manage far-reaching consequences and enormous change, our smart grid construction is an important part in the economic and technical aspects are of great significance. Protection devices as the main substation secondary equipment, its function and performance  mcb circuit breaker  concern, with digital electronic transformer substations and network communications using the secondary circuit, in particular with respect to electronic   air circuit breaker   electromagnetic transformers many advantages, is bound to bring rapid development of relay technology. However, the digital substation electronic transformer secondary circuit and network communication uses a new technology is still in its initial application, its own characteristics and stability of the protective device is not very clear, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research. Tianjin Electric Power Company implemented CHEN Fu-220kV digital substation project, the use of electronic transformers and intelligent switching technology, the station uses a secondary network equipment and communications secondary circuit, and apply IEC61850 standards.

Photoelectric transformer with small size, light weight, wide band response, no saturation

With fiber-optic sensing technology, optical fiber communication technology, the rapid development of photovoltaic technology in the power system more widely. Electric Transformer is one of them. Photoelectric transformer with small size, light weight, wide band response, no saturation mcb circuit breaker, anti-electromagnetic air circuit breaker, good performance, oil-free structure, insulation, reliable, easy to digital, computer development and many other advantages. Digital substation is an intelligent device (photoelectric transformer, intelligent switches, etc.), the network of electric meter on the basis of the communication protocol layered construction, intelligent devices can achieve information sharing and interoperability among modern substation. The process of digital substation is divided into layers, spacer layer and the station level, the layers within and between the layers using high-speed network communications. Compared with the conventional substation, digital substation spacer layer and the station level and the network connection device interface and the communication model is changed, and the process level changes have to be larger.

Electronic transformer has many characteristics superior to conventional transformers

Electronic transformer air circuit breaker having a lot better than the traditional features such as light weight, good linearity, easy and digital measurement and protection equipment interfaces. This paper uses a gas-insulated switchgear for the new combined current and voltage transformers, transformer by the current sensor, power transformers and the digital converter consists of three parts. The measurement is based on the coil current and voltage measurement is based on a capacitive divider. Digital converter FPGA as the core, using numerical Circuit breaker techniques to restore the measured current and voltage signals. Digital converter of the current sensor and the voltage sensor output is converted to a digital optical signal via the optical fiber to the control room.