The system is running at less than optimal gain state, so light load conversion efficiency at light load conditions will also fall

The maximum inductance to satisfy this condition can be obtained from the following equation: When the drive circuit 600 volt fluorescent light, the efficiency curve of a multilayer PZT has a push-pull topology. When the input voltage is low, the conversion efficiency is higher than 85%; at high input voltage, the conversion efficiency decreases with the decrease in gain of PZT. Magnetic and  circuit breakers , the linear approach to reducing the fluorescent lamp dimming to reduce work efficiency. In the magnetic circuit of the transformer, the loss due to the circulating current in the resonant circuit with the generated electric current  mcb circuit breaker  the fluorescent lamp and maintain independent constant, the decrease in the conversion efficiency at light loads. In PZT circuit, since the system is running under light load conditions below the optimum gain state, the light load  Voltage stabilizer  efficiency will fall. Light load efficiency of these two circuits can be improved using pulse dimming technology. This method can visually sensed higher than the frequency modulation of the duty cycle by on / off control the average current of the fluorescent lamp, the fluorescent lamp working at full load current.

The voltage gain of the transformer secondary winding through the turns ratio between the primary coil and

The voltage gain of the transformer can be determined by the turns ratio N2/N1 between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer and the current gain is also related with N1/N2. In the design of the circuit for CCFL transformer primary inductance of the primary and turns the external capacitor resonant circuit formed by the transformer needed to decide. Secondary turns should be guaranteed to start  electric meter  lamps provide a high enough voltage. Secondary turns usually require high magnetic core has a large window area. As the high pressure primary and secondary isolation requirements between duty, CCFL transformer  Air circuit breaker  usually higher. This transformer is used as a sine wave, which only reduces the effective  Voltage stabilizer  of the turns ratio, and no switching spikes. Other problems associated with magnetic transformers also include the need to shield stray magnetic fields, as well as the potential arc fault condition at the time of the next level voltage control generated.

Mine vacuum electromagnetic starter coal mine power supply system is the key equipment

Mine vacuum electromagnetic starter is one of the key equipment in coal mine power supply system, it directly affects the reliability and safety of coal power production system, so the development of high  Voltage stabilizer  electromagnetic starter has a very important  Circuit breaker . In the development of multi-loop vacuum mining electromagnetic starter controller, enabling multiple combinations of mine control and protection of large two-speed or single speed motor. Mine development and current  mcb circuit breaker  electromagnetic starter. For motor overload protection established motor heating, cooling mathematical model, proposed the use of software to simulate the temperature rise of the protection methods; analyzing the characteristics of small ground fault currents based on the application of the principle of zero sequence power direction herein Select grounded branch; addition, overvoltage, undervoltage were analyzed and the corresponding protective measures. According to the site conditions, determine the control mode controller, developed a general scheme of the controller.

Permanent magnet material properties change will inevitably affect the performance of contactor operation

Magnet contactor by conventional electromagnetic contactor evolved a new contactor, it uses the new works, to overcome the traditional electromagnetic contactor energy consumption, operating noise, by the impact of the grid voltage and large shortcomings. However, the performance of permanent magnetic materials susceptible to temperature effects and changes in material properties of permanent magnet contactor operation will inevitably affect the performance. Traditional  Circuit breaker  contactor development for a long time, the theory and dynamic characteristics of more mature. But now on permanent contact with the dynamic characteristic simulation research literature is relatively small, and did not consider at different  Voltage stabilizer  impact of changes in material properties. Therefore, this paper developed for the laboratory's permanent nominal current 63A contactors, considering different temperature changes in performance permanent magnetic materials, the establishment of the finite element model and the simulation model, at different temperatures Magnet contactor operating characteristic simulation analysis work, get action performance curve.

Street iron yoke plate between prolapse and changed the working air gap

Main contactor air cylinder and electric control valve leakage that insufficient air pressure, contactors slow movement; also electrically controlled contactor air cylinder and poor  Voltage stabilizer . Li ti excitation contactor iron working air gap between the core is too large: one is the field contactor coil and yoke gasket between the core mounting bolts loose or loose; second is the street between the iron yoke plate  mcb circuit breaker  and changed the working air gap. Activities are not flexible and exciter armature contactor moving contact arc hood connected with day wear caused by excitation contactor guilty cards. Analysis from the field  power transformers  part of the circuit can be seen only switched on only after all the action, if the three of them turned slowly interlocking coil is energized will cause lag.

Commonly used mobile substation high voltage isolation, low feed control mode

With the development of mining automation technology for coal mine power system reliability, security and continuity of the increasingly high demand . However, the original use of coal mine mobile substation high and low side switches with many problems . First of all, high and low voltage flameproof existing domestic leakage  mcb circuit breaker  malfunction different levels prevailing situation , not only caused a lot of unnecessary face power outage , but also to find the point of failure workers bring great trouble , serious affected production . Secondly, the original use of domestic coal mine with a commonly used mobile substation high voltage isolation , low feed control mode. High pressure switch is load switch , not breaking fault current ; low pressure side of the vacuum feed switch , breaking current is large . As well as to the low voltage winding transformer  Voltage stabilizer  failure can not be breaking the dead zone . Again, most do not have an existing switch network communication function , the workers only for high-voltage switch for close viewing and operation. To solve the above problems, the design and development project based on PLC control intelligent protection  electric meter  substation with high and low side switches. High voltage distribution switchgear with vacuum circuit breakers, low-voltage side of the feeder switch is not installed electrical protection box . High voltage distribution switch with overload, short circuit, phase , overvoltage , undervoltage, overtemperature protection function

High-voltage electrical equipment electrical porcelain importance and performance in the earthquake

Porcelain columnar sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker for the study, carried out shaking table test and finite element analysis , the establishment of an effective system of electrical porcelain electrical equipment ( including shock absorbers, wire ) finite element model and the corresponding computational analysis method to study the seismic performance of high voltage electrical equipment and conductors for electrical equipment shock absorbers and seismic performance.  air circuit breaker  and obtained findings : porcelain -type high voltage electrical equipment and its importance in the earthquake performance. Damage data indicate that the high-voltage electrical equipment electrical porcelain damage is caused by high voltage grid system to destroy the key point, and the destruction of such  mcb circuit breaker  due to equipment damage caused by brittle ceramic column section . Accordingly, the seismic performance of such equipment in the past  Voltage stabilizer  on research ceramic column . According porcelain high-voltage electrical equipment as well as the structural features of the device at run-time state shows that the factors that affect the seismic performance of the device include: ceramic column , the connection between the ceramic column flange, equipment support , shock absorption and isolation device equipment , the wires between devices . This departure from these factors , summarizes the current research on these factors and problems , and identifies research content .

Electrical properties, oxidation resistance is poor, but good antioxidant susceptibility

Transformer oil to replace the electrical switch oil , which can not meet the required electrical switch oil insulating properties and low temperature properties .  electri cenergy meter  equipment is running , the occurrence of short-circuit current , oil often produce large amounts of free carbon , oil blackened , dielectric strength would drop dramatically ; short-circuit breaking generally occurs twice , it is necessary to stop oil treatment equipment , and thus had to frequently change oil , increasing fuel consumption . Dushanzi oil refinery production breaker  mcb circuit breaker , in particular the rare , far from meeting market demand. French import breaker better quality oil , but the variation in viscosity , slow settling of free carbon , colloid state easily , difficult to remove . Cycloalkane has good electrical properties, poor oxidation resistance , but the susceptibility of good antioxidants , and generally low pour point is an ideal  Voltage stabilizer  the insulating oil . So are the first choice of the world production of crude oil naphthenic insulating oil . Because less naphthenic crude oil reserves , so it developed from the middle of the base , even from the paraffin-based oil producing electrical switches . To meet the high-voltage electrical switch oil oil needs , we hydrogenated oils, benzene as raw material, developed in line with specifications SH/T0205-92 electrical switch oil, which are high-grade lubricants .

Flameproof enclosure by a lever on the brass sleeve requires co-ordinated with copper sleeve

Button ring groove on the rod-proof products, many manufacturers now shell and front cover has a variety of button, the button bar is often used form of ring, ring effect is that once the explosion occurred inside the enclosure, the pressure acting on the button bar ends, the ring can be introduced to prevent the button rod outer shell, thus avoiding the formation of the button bar missing booster channels. It  electric meter , taken from a mechanical manual investigation groove depth is small, if roots unclear bottom pressure in the circular ring will follow the axial sliding movement relative to the button bar, the loss of a ring effect.  power transformers , the design of the groove depth should be appropriate bigger, processing bottom should pay attention to clean the root, or simply use the pin structure is more reliable. About flameproof enclosure by a lever on the brass  Voltage stabilizer  co-ordinated with copper sleeve, copper sleeve is an interference fit with the housing, and the joystick is clearance fit. Copper sets the amount of interference should not be too large, should be controlled not more than 0.05mm, copper sleeve wall thickness should not be less than 2.5mm.

Transformer inductive element showing the characteristics of

The capacitive power transformer ( referred CPT) made ​​a more detailed basic principles discussed in this paper on the basis of Intro -phase low-loss energy capacitive capacitive winding power transformers on the structure of the form of the third winding three-phase capacitive winding wiring, through no circuit tap on the regulation of  air circuit breaker  and other technical characteristics , and gives the basis of the power transformer design method on the CPT . main technical characteristics of the transformer core and by the the initial set on the core , secondary coil .  Circuit breaker  windings are wound copper wire . around the system determines whether it is primary or secondary , are the essence of an actual coil, the windings through the core is formed between the inductive coupling ,  Voltage stabilizer  is showing characteristics of the components , the power factor is of hysteresis . considering the many users of the power system for the induction motor , but also the inductive load , the power factor is lag , therefore, in order to improve the electricity network runtime power factor , the current practice is widely used in parallel electrical capacitor compensation , in order to reduce its lag phase , but there is a shunt power capacitors should not be ignored .

Fault tree diagnosis method is also known as fault tree analysis

Modern thermal power to keep the high-parameter, high-capacity, automated direction , while greatly improved plant efficiency , reduce costs , has brought huge economic benefits. On the other hand , once the equipment failure caused the loss will become Kazunari hundredfold  Voltage stabilizer  costs and time to grow exponentially. Thus, higher demands on equipment reliability , while eager to have a scientific and rational diagnostic theory and technology, the operational status of equipment for fast , accurate diagnosis , in order to ensure that the unit is not an accident, or if accident, to limit to a minimum . Fault tree  air circuit breaker  is also known as fault tree analysis method, is a failure of the system to the reasons for the formation by the general assembly by dendritic  mcb circuit breaker  refine methods of analysis. Fault tree diagnosis was " seeking the fruit because of" deductive analysis method was based on the failure to seek the cause of the process. The thesis of boiler fault diagnosis fault tree principle achievements of qualitative and quantitative methods, and rules . And according to Daqing Petrochemical Company Thermal Power Plant One boiler structure and technical characteristics of the boiler flue gas temperature is high , low, ash combustibles too large, such as boiler flue gas deflection establish fault and fault tree analysis.

Establish a complete system of electrochemical biosensor for the target

Biosensor application areas include medical testing, environmental monitoring, food safety and defense applications. This thesis is to create a complete electrochemical biosensor research system as the goal, making this system includes an electrode, the electrode modification and  electric meter  molecules fixed, electrochemical  Voltage stabilizer  methods to establish and develop miniaturized instrumentation, involving electrochemical biosensor implementation mechanism and application  air circuit breaker  of both studies, the specific states: I. Preparation of the biosensor electrode. By manual screen printing process to produce sheet type carbon electrode, as the majority of research work based on the biosensor electrode.

Multifunction key technology research Bolter Bolter is a new functional and structural design

The hydraulic impact rotary drilling and other characteristics, the subject has become a national infrastructure development are urgently needed. In response to this situation,  power transformers  of new full hydraulic multi-bolt rig, this thesis is derived from the subject of the research project, I was responsible for one of the research projects. Multifunctional  Voltage stabilizer  is the key technology features new Bolter and structural design, the whole machine's hydraulic system design and impact rotary drilling of oil in the hydraulic system simulation.

Open current zero crossing, which can effectively reduce the over-voltage and surge current impulses

Low-voltage contactors are the most widely used one of the electrical equipment , but the existing electrical contacts , the average life expectancy is only its mechanical life of 1 /10 to 1 /20. In the electricity sector, power switching capacitor contactor normally have to bear the huge inrush current and over- voltage shock , causing it  circuit breakers  to damage. Open / close as selected by the voltage / current zero crossing , which can effectively reduce the over-voltage and surge current shock , and extend the life of the electrical contacts , improve  electric transformer  and power quality , especially for power capacitors, motors and other conditions , if the split-phase adaptive control can effectively avoid the transient overvoltage and surge . Split-phase adaptive control of the basic concepts of adaptive control of the basic split-phase voltage zero crossing points are closed , current zero when disconnected. Its core is the use of  Voltage stabilizer  fast sampling , analysis and calculation and data storage advantages , give full consideration to a variety of mechanical switches to accept instructions from the actuator ( energized ) the action is completed ( contact closure or vice versa ) of the time, so contactor contacts are voltage zero crossing is closed off at current zero , to avoid transient over- voltage and surge current pair of contacts hazards , reducing contact wear.

Fault current protection function, can effectively reduce the scope of the accident

Pole circuit breakers for distribution lines exports segmented trunk, branch control such as the role of the switch, the current type SF6 circuit breakers and vacuum circuit breakers have two kinds. With the rapid development of power construction, pole circuit breaker has been widely used in the power system, it is easy to operate,  mcb circuit breaker  the operation of the distribution network flexibility, because of its fault current protection function, can effectively reduce the scope of the accident, shorten the search time of the accident, accident repair speed increase for reliable power supply to provide a strong guarantee. But in recent years, with the power of knowledge and electrically  Voltage stabilizer  popularity, many non-professionals (mainly distribution networks) have mastered the method of operation of the circuit breaker pole. For their own interests, often without the knowledge of the electricity sector, privately points on  electric transformer  operation, the power sector to the normal maintenance and repair work to bring great security risk. There are some criminals pole breaker operation is completed after stealing electrical equipment, causing great losses to the electricity sector. To solve the problem, we specialize in this phenomenon were summarized and analyzed, and fundamentally to be addressed.

As a suburban or rural substation overhead line switching control and protection

Easy to install and operate the pole circuit breaker. Mainly for urban overhead distribution lines segmented interval switching control and protection. Suburban or rural areas can also be used as an overhead line substation control and protection switching.  Voltage stabilizer  to oil-immersed  electric meter  breaking ability, oil inflammable, causing secondary disasters tend to be eliminated. After the 1980s, the use of SF6  power transformers  device with excellent performance, since the 1990s, began to adopt further operating power, long life of the vacuum interrupter. Typical pole breaker main technical parameters: Rated voltage 12kV, rated current 400,630 A, rated breaking current 6.3.

Generator Circuit Breaker If you choose incorrectly, the circuit breaker will cause serious harm

Of the problem with the continuous development of science and technology and people's safety awareness generation equipment continues to improve, the generator breaker dedicated selection and use more and more cause for concern and attention, especially for large and very large  Electric energy meter  machinery exports particular attention to the choice of the circuit breaker . If you choose incorrectly generator circuit breakers , circuit breaker itself even be connected to the generator generators and other electrical equipment circuit causing serious harm and  mcb circuit breaker  losses, such as the explosion occurred breakers , generators burned, excitation transformer and plant with variable burned and other serious accidents , and will magnify the accident . For small hydro , the past mostly use an ordinary type of oil circuit breaker , vacuum circuit breakers , SF6  Voltage stabilizer . , especially in recent years , the choice of more and more common vacuum circuit breaker , such a choice is not comply with GB GB/T14 82 4-93 " generator breaker general technical conditions" and industry standards DL42 7-91 " indoor type GCB ordering technology " requirement, does not conform to international common standards However, the parties have failed to pay sufficient attention to this cause .

Hosted within the specified time, closing and breaking currents under abnormal

Can carry, closing and breaking the normal operation of the line currents can also be carried within the stipulated time, closing and breaking currents under abnormal (such as short-circuit current) switching equipment, power system protection and operation of the major electrical devices. Circuit-breaker many different types, but  power transformers  circuit are electrically conductive, insulating support member, and the interrupter  electric meter  composed of several parts. Basic structure include: ① a conductive main circuit, through the movable contact,  Voltage stabilizer  of the contacts on the circuit implementation and isolation; ② interrupter, the circuit breaking arc generated during the sealed chamber under a high pressure in rapidly within tens of milliseconds off, cut off the circuit;

Major record microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation

Currently mass-produced by electronic equipment components based hybrid circuit , integrated microcircuits and multi-layer printed circuit board so requires improved testing methods miniature . Due to the current in the development and production of microcircuits used in quality inspection method is not able to find some defects , especially some internal injury . Therefore, the hope of a new approach that primarily records microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation. Current  Voltage stabilizer  of a thermal imaging device an infrared scanning microscope activity model to test stick together , integrated microcircuits and  Circuit breaker  circuit board . Its main components are: the optical head on the table with the coordinates of the object to study units, the control section ,  circuit breakers  section , the power console , auto body parts and electrical code conversion , with power and temperature control part of the standard radiator . Hope satin commission by two spherical child training , punctuality decision bajia mounted lens composition of the work , its spectral range of 3 ~ G micron , magnification day twenty-one 10 times and a numerical aperture of 0.6 . Used by the receiver to 77OK indium antimonide infrared detectors , sensitive area of ​​75 x75 microns. The input window of the detector 5 is a mechanical chopper M, given the target of the infrared radiation flux fixed modulation frequency.

As an important branch of biosensors, electrochemical biosensor has some significant advantages

Biosensor is an emerging discipline bioelectronics research areas is a matter of biology, chemistry, materials, physics, medicine, and nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and other technology, including multi-disciplinary  power transformers  areas. Whether the mechanism of biological electron systems research, or development of practical  mcb circuit breaker , biosensors have inspired widespread national researchers and lasting interest. As an important branch of biosensors,  Voltage stabilizer  biosensor has some significant advantages, such as direct access to biological molecule itself or the electronic behavior of the reaction system, easy and electronic technology combined with the development of small analysis and detection system, which showed a more predictable application prospects.