Resin dry type transformer life cycle

Life Cycle: full performance from the beginning to the body to give a complete loss of the performance of the entire process . An insulating material , an insulating structure or even to a electrical products , is not a simple body , is required to have multiple components , such as electrical, mechanical and physicochemical properties. In its lifetime , an essential element of any failures have led to the end of its life . So, end of life is sometimes manifested as natural aging type , sometimes manifested as sudden unexpected . Many factors affect the life . Naturally, the internal and external factors, external factors act by internal factors . From the composition of the structure, the life of the resin  air circuit breaker  transformers consists of life , the life of insulation , structural fasteners life electromagnetic structure of three parts. Practice has proved that the elements that play a decisive role in the life of the insulation structure. For resin insulation dry-type power transformers,  circuit breakers  except SiO2 inorganic materials , all the rest of the organic polymer materials and organic materials accounted for 40 % -60 % volume fraction of insulation . Shielding material is oxygen and water as well as in organic matter decomposition temperature of the work environment , their life is almost timeless. Therefore, the resin insulation dry-type power transformer coil insulation life depends on the structure of the resin parts. Many factors affect the life of the insulation structure . Are: the electric field distribution and strength ; role of electric power and strength ; operating temperature and the stress state ; composition structure and composition of the insulating properties of the merits of the material ; operating environment of the product. Therefore , to achieve the life of the transformer, advocates from the " embryo " to start . Transformer life given by the manufacturer , parenting by the user.

Epoxy cast transformer design and the protection of life

Reliability and service life of electrical products manufacturers and users are always issues of mutual interest , the design of electrical products rated life at different electrical applications and different times have different concepts and requirements, it should take into account the skill of the art progressive social and economic benefits of speed and overall , not too short, but not infinite . Just due to the rising level of loss or noise standards continue to improve and insulation technology makes  Air circuit breaker  transformer constantly being eliminated as a result , because they too old , although they may still use . In fact, a  electric meter  in its few years of its commissioning energy efficiency is much higher than the old scrapped a transformer consideration paid . Therefore , it should be relatively slow progress in the technology limited period of time to maximize the life of the product life design principles. Designed to protect the life and the life of electrical products is a systematic project , which involves the following six thematic areas : mechanical design and structural strength  mcb circuit breaker  ; electric field intensity electric field of design and aging ; temperature control and hot thermal insulation structure of the physical effects of aging ; nominal initial performance of the insulation structure life-giving ; wound repair , healing or regeneration projects ; protect electrical products rated operating environment. Which will affect the design or improper handling any aspect of their overall life , failure of any one link will lead to the end of life electrical products .

The voltage gain of the transformer secondary winding through the turns ratio between the primary coil and

The voltage gain of the transformer can be determined by the turns ratio N2/N1 between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer and the current gain is also related with N1/N2. In the design of the circuit for CCFL transformer primary inductance of the primary and turns the external capacitor resonant circuit formed by the transformer needed to decide. Secondary turns should be guaranteed to start  electric meter  lamps provide a high enough voltage. Secondary turns usually require high magnetic core has a large window area. As the high pressure primary and secondary isolation requirements between duty, CCFL transformer  Air circuit breaker  usually higher. This transformer is used as a sine wave, which only reduces the effective  Voltage stabilizer  of the turns ratio, and no switching spikes. Other problems associated with magnetic transformers also include the need to shield stray magnetic fields, as well as the potential arc fault condition at the time of the next level voltage control generated.

With the development of mechanical and electrical industry, electricity systems are becoming increasingly complex

With the development of mechanical and electrical industry, electrical systems become more complex, the traditional contactor or starter demanding. In order to meet the electricity  air circuit breaker , intelligent demand, electrical factory in developed countries with a wide use of computer technology to develop multi-functional. Intelligent, high-performance, high-reliability magnetic contactors and electromagnetic starter. Its main feature is mechatronics, computer technology will be introduced  mcb circuit breaker  control appliances, on the one hand to meet the requirements of the basic functions of traditional appliances, on the other hand the control of intelligent appliances, in particular, can increase the variety of functions, such as protection monitoring communication function, can be used for the separation of electricity network system components.

Excitation contacts between the armature and the core working air gap is too large

Diesel use that often appear overly excited contactor LC action lags, or the master controller handle a blade and electric control contactor operation after only a few field contactor pull, sometimes even exceeding 35 or more, resulting in mistaken crew electrical fault in the process of elimination in the field contactor suddenly pull away car,   mcb circuit breaker crew working to bring some difficulties . Cause : Auxiliary interlock -delay . Excitation contacts between the armature and the core working air gap is too large. Activities are not flexible and exciter armature contactor moving contact and arc chute connected to ground caused by excitation contactor guilty cards. Field contactor auxiliary starting coil  air circuit breaker  or anti- interlock contacts being exposed . Analysis: field contactor switched on only after all the only action , if one is turned slowly interlocking coil is energized will cause lag . Auxiliary contacts connected, breaking contacts by electrically controlled solenoid valve on the air cylinder control contact air source to achieve, it is sometimes due to poor lubrication, air cylinder , electronically controlled contactor guilty card , electronic control contacts on the electrically controlled valve stem wear due to prolonged use too short , thimble or curved top side , so that the compressed air into the pneumatic air cylinder device channel becomes smaller ;

Contactor main contacts prone to erosion or welding Symptom

In the machine tool equipment electrical maintenance practice, often encounter such a fault , that bear cage type motor forward and reverse control relay - contactor main contacts prone to  air circuit breaker  or welding failure phenomenon . The reason is nothing more than the main circuit or motor load , line occurred phase , overcurrent , overvoltage , overload and short circuit , or main contact capacity is too small , the device intrinsic poor quality, poor performance interrupter contacts , or action too frequent , and other mechanical factors . As a general rule , the causes of such failures are mostly obvious faults are relatively easy to exclude . But for other failure reasons, many maintenance personnel tend to notice , such as the device 's own action delay caused by the failure of its  mcb circuit breaker  device characteristics are mainly caused by differences contacts competitive mistakes, resulting in a system control the disorder causes the main contacts ablation or welding . For brief , it can do a simple closed  electric meter  test . See Figure back below. As we all know , the relay - contactor operation of its contacts off characteristics , always follow such a principle ; namely when the coil is energized regardless of the release will or power of the moment, by its own structural reasons , The control break before make contacts all follow the principles .

Normal operation as the main power switch on the AC contactor

In use there, the normal closing operation as a total power 4OA AC contactor, and then operate a motor closing any other AC contactor, the total supply of both the control Bo OA AC contactor is disconnected. Disconnect motor circuit without load at startup, this  mcb circuit breaker  still exists. Therefore array analysis in machine electric stick into the line terminals, check with voltage tester has power display, with three-phase AC voltage meter to check the line voltage, phase voltage are in line  air circuit breaker . AC contactor without 4OA as the main power control, respectively, with AC contactor control 4 motors can work, but at the same time start two or more motors, the AC  electric transformer  on the trip. And starting with the direct method, you can also start the four electric motors. Find the above analysis, the total power and time lines identified no problems, the fault should be out in the second line.

High-voltage electrical equipment electrical porcelain importance and performance in the earthquake

Porcelain columnar sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker for the study, carried out shaking table test and finite element analysis , the establishment of an effective system of electrical porcelain electrical equipment ( including shock absorbers, wire ) finite element model and the corresponding computational analysis method to study the seismic performance of high voltage electrical equipment and conductors for electrical equipment shock absorbers and seismic performance.  air circuit breaker  and obtained findings : porcelain -type high voltage electrical equipment and its importance in the earthquake performance. Damage data indicate that the high-voltage electrical equipment electrical porcelain damage is caused by high voltage grid system to destroy the key point, and the destruction of such  mcb circuit breaker  due to equipment damage caused by brittle ceramic column section . Accordingly, the seismic performance of such equipment in the past  Voltage stabilizer  on research ceramic column . According porcelain high-voltage electrical equipment as well as the structural features of the device at run-time state shows that the factors that affect the seismic performance of the device include: ceramic column , the connection between the ceramic column flange, equipment support , shock absorption and isolation device equipment , the wires between devices . This departure from these factors , summarizes the current research on these factors and problems , and identifies research content .

Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of various household appliances

Electrical construction electrical design basis is the most important documents, the main factors affecting the quality of the project are : the design file is executed in strict accordance with state regulations, the depth of the design and construction documents relevant professional close coordination between the degree . Therefore, the electrical design of the whole project a top priority. Decline in quality design is particularly serious in recent years . There may be multiple reasons , such as the design of the vicious competition, lower prices between companies , making the design units to reduce inputs in order to reduce costs and so on. However,  air circuit breaker  , as long as the design unit attached importance recurrent organizational design personnel to learn the relevant design standards and strengthening the design process of supervision , emphasis on document review , you can basically solve such problems , but such small changes it can make project supervision and  Circuit breaker  will benefit. Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of  electri cenergy meter  appliances , low-voltage power high harmonic pollution is increasing , three times its odd harmonic multiples constitute neutral current , neutral overcurrent and thus lead to electrical fire phenomenon is also increasing . Another example is in the process of supervisory review found that the current figure is still part of the distribution area residents building design is still used in the 1980s has been introduced methods, equipment is very backward , technical means to keep up with the times, and prone to danger.

Correctly distinguish inrush and internal fault has been the focus of transformer protection

Power transformer is extremely important power system equipment, transformer differential protection is the main protection. Load switching or external short circuit fault clearing voltage generated when a  power transformers  current recovery, the size of a few comparable internal fault currents. Can correctly distinguish inrush and  air circuit breaker  transformer protection has been the focus of a variety of magnetizing inrush current  Electric energy meter  method largely based on Kirchhoff's law, there is in principle a defect; several differential protection new theories, new technology also needs to be further improved in practice. With the increasing size of the power system, load tap more extensive application, which also produced a lot of problems related to.

Transformer inductive element showing the characteristics of

The capacitive power transformer ( referred CPT) made ​​a more detailed basic principles discussed in this paper on the basis of Intro -phase low-loss energy capacitive capacitive winding power transformers on the structure of the form of the third winding three-phase capacitive winding wiring, through no circuit tap on the regulation of  air circuit breaker  and other technical characteristics , and gives the basis of the power transformer design method on the CPT . main technical characteristics of the transformer core and by the the initial set on the core , secondary coil .  Circuit breaker  windings are wound copper wire . around the system determines whether it is primary or secondary , are the essence of an actual coil, the windings through the core is formed between the inductive coupling ,  Voltage stabilizer  is showing characteristics of the components , the power factor is of hysteresis . considering the many users of the power system for the induction motor , but also the inductive load , the power factor is lag , therefore, in order to improve the electricity network runtime power factor , the current practice is widely used in parallel electrical capacitor compensation , in order to reduce its lag phase , but there is a shunt power capacitors should not be ignored .

Fault tree diagnosis method is also known as fault tree analysis

Modern thermal power to keep the high-parameter, high-capacity, automated direction , while greatly improved plant efficiency , reduce costs , has brought huge economic benefits. On the other hand , once the equipment failure caused the loss will become Kazunari hundredfold  Voltage stabilizer  costs and time to grow exponentially. Thus, higher demands on equipment reliability , while eager to have a scientific and rational diagnostic theory and technology, the operational status of equipment for fast , accurate diagnosis , in order to ensure that the unit is not an accident, or if accident, to limit to a minimum . Fault tree  air circuit breaker  is also known as fault tree analysis method, is a failure of the system to the reasons for the formation by the general assembly by dendritic  mcb circuit breaker  refine methods of analysis. Fault tree diagnosis was " seeking the fruit because of" deductive analysis method was based on the failure to seek the cause of the process. The thesis of boiler fault diagnosis fault tree principle achievements of qualitative and quantitative methods, and rules . And according to Daqing Petrochemical Company Thermal Power Plant One boiler structure and technical characteristics of the boiler flue gas temperature is high , low, ash combustibles too large, such as boiler flue gas deflection establish fault and fault tree analysis.

Establish a complete system of electrochemical biosensor for the target

Biosensor application areas include medical testing, environmental monitoring, food safety and defense applications. This thesis is to create a complete electrochemical biosensor research system as the goal, making this system includes an electrode, the electrode modification and  electric meter  molecules fixed, electrochemical  Voltage stabilizer  methods to establish and develop miniaturized instrumentation, involving electrochemical biosensor implementation mechanism and application  air circuit breaker  of both studies, the specific states: I. Preparation of the biosensor electrode. By manual screen printing process to produce sheet type carbon electrode, as the majority of research work based on the biosensor electrode.

Remote communications, such as one segment or automatic reclosers for the realization of true outdoor unattended substation provides an ideal product

High voltage vacuum circuit breaker has not due to blasting, low noise, small size, high reliability and suitability of the advantages of frequent operation is widely used. Hubei mcb circuit breaker ZW14A-12 type outdoor vacuum circuit breaker with RDCU series controller combination, form a set of computer protection, network  electric meter , CNC measurement, data logging, remote communications, such as one segment or automatic  Air circuit breaker  outdoors unattended substation provides an ideal product. Beijing Switch Factory developed ZW861-12 type column vacuum circuit breaker with C20E Intelligent Control protectors and outdoor PT combined.

Disk drive and a floppy disk drive can be divided into hard disk drive

Read and write data on the disk of the device. Disk drive is a head, electrical, mechanical means and the write circuit, etc., which is an important part of the disk file. Since the  electric transformer  and hard of points, so the disk drive and the floppy disk drive is divided into hard disk drive. The microcomputer system, the floppy disk drive with a floppy disk can be separated, the drive permanently  power transformers  the computer chassis,  Air circuit breaker  and write data information is re-inserted into the floppy disk; the hard disk drive of the same hard disk together with the seal in a metal box and fixed on the computer chassis.

In order to evaluate the use of high-temperature logging instrument reservoir, the demand for high-temperature circuit has been very urgent

Equipped with the first commercial application of the micro-circuit logging prototype able to 527 "F temperature. Conventional logging tools because of their electronic circuit conditions at  power transformers above 356OF can not work reliably, so the temperature of up to 52" F when the use of these instruments will be greatly limited. In order to evaluate the use of high-temperature logging instrument reservoir, the demand for high-temperature circuit has been very urgent. Reliable air circuit breaker  reservoir lithology and fluid properties, in order to determine the geothermal potential production of oil and gas reservoirs in the final. Logging can also simulate reservoir, design completion programs and production  electri cenergy meter  of groundwater temperature and chemical contamination, such as providing the necessary information. This new electronic apparatus using a thick film circuit, this circuit is to special printing film resistors, conductors and dielectric inks printed on the alumina layer and made of. After one thousand ink drying, the semiconductor increases, the circuit will be sealed.

Biotechnology to develop the sensor, there biosensor

Sensor is an information detection, transmission devices, mainly by the sensor, transducer, testing and other components by its access to information and the transmission of information, coupled with the computer work, the outcome _ Previously, sensors sensitive materials is done by _ composed of electronic components present, the sensor to develop biotechnology, there biosensor organisms or materials  mcb circuit breaker  with the corresponding physical, chemical sensing device combination, they formed a biosensor in the late 1960s, American Scientist first, the successful development of glucose oxidase and measured oxygen  air circuit breaker  of the first bio-sensors that identify the components in order to make the enzyme, known as circuit breakers in vivo. every moment in the event of complex biochemical reactions, which have a close relationship with the enzyme enzyme, a specific protein, the catalytic role in vivo, and that each enzyme has a specific role of the object enzyme called "specificity" _ this specificity for the analysis of complex organic compounds created the preconditions.

Power transformer malfunction and have hidden faults

Summed power transformer malfunction and have hidden faults is demonstrated when various anomalies, for the study of power transformer fault location method provides practical basis. Analysis of power transformer fault detection technology, to  air circuit breaker  the power transformer internal fault detection and effective way. The use of fault tree analysis techniques (FTA) to build a power transformer  power transformers  fault classification tree model, will be introduced into electric power transformer fault localization studies. Study the characteristics of ant colony algorithm, principles, algorithms and implementation process model. Pheromone ant colony algorithm, the information heuristic function factor, the number of ants, ant colony algorithm expectations inspired performance factors on the impact of simulation studies.

Operating status of power transformers in the power system security and reliability has a pivotal position

Operating status of power transformers in the power system security and reliability has a pivotal position. Power transformers in operation in the event of damage  air circuit breaker , will directly affect the power grid, causing huge economic losses. Papers for the power transformer fault characteristics were studied based on ant colony  Electric energy meter  the power transformer fault localization method to achieve with less cost, more quickly and accurately detect the power transformer fault. Specific research work is as follows: For the common faults of power transformers, power transformers a lot of trouble for analysis.

Long period of low rate of transformer load loss caused by working status

For pumping the load carried by the distribution transformer, the maximum load torque at the start, the maximum output power distribution transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller, the output power distribution transformer is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pumping starter, left a large distribution transformer capacity margin. The transformer load is low rate of long-term working status, resulting in a waste of  air circuit breaker and active and reactive power losses, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing the network loss. In order to reduce a pumping loss of power distribution transformers, it is necessary to use a start of pumping with a  power transformers , in the normal operation pumping unit has a small capacity, the capacity to carry out the tone volume adjustment transformer. The project studied load transfer capacity of the transformer principle is the use of  Electric transformer  capacity and loss of the relationship between the transformer losses and the relationship between the running costs, from the "road" point of view, the use of the time-domain equivalent sine wave the equivalent circuit method and frequency-domain equivalent circuit combination form of time domain - frequency domain method is applied to the transformer characteristics of deduced load transfer capacity of the transformer magnetic circuit model and the model.