Magnetic transformer circuit, the circuit frequency of the PZT-based, rather than the current duty cycle to control the fluorescent lamp

Magnetic transformer circuit , the circuit frequency of the PZT -based , rather than the duty cycle to control the fluorescent lamp . UCC3977 between the COMP pin with a pin and OSC formed programmable voltage controlled oscillator. The VCO operating frequency range for the system settings , the frequency range of the excitation frequency must PZT and the normal operating frequency is included . FB pin fluorescent lamp  electric meter  , and through PZT gain versus frequency characteristics can be controlled. PZT gain  electri cenergy meter  to be able to provide the minimum input voltage at the fluorescent lamp voltage, in order to ensure the control loop is always in the right side of the resonance . Work waveform push-pull circuit. N1 and N2 at 50% duty cycle is driven to generate the phase shift. Inductor L1 and L2  Circuit breaker  PZT primary capacitance , drain the N1 and S2 form a half sine wave. In the PZT voltage obtained across the primary near sinusoidal . Fluorescent voltage close to 600 volts in this application . Since the ceramic transformer has a high Q value, the voltage of the fluorescent lamp is a sine wave . To achieve zero- voltage switching , the drain voltage of the next switching cycle must return to zero before. This requires that the LC resonance frequency must be higher than the switching frequency.

Electrical properties, oxidation resistance is poor, but good antioxidant susceptibility

Transformer oil to replace the electrical switch oil , which can not meet the required electrical switch oil insulating properties and low temperature properties .  electri cenergy meter  equipment is running , the occurrence of short-circuit current , oil often produce large amounts of free carbon , oil blackened , dielectric strength would drop dramatically ; short-circuit breaking generally occurs twice , it is necessary to stop oil treatment equipment , and thus had to frequently change oil , increasing fuel consumption . Dushanzi oil refinery production breaker  mcb circuit breaker , in particular the rare , far from meeting market demand. French import breaker better quality oil , but the variation in viscosity , slow settling of free carbon , colloid state easily , difficult to remove . Cycloalkane has good electrical properties, poor oxidation resistance , but the susceptibility of good antioxidants , and generally low pour point is an ideal  Voltage stabilizer  the insulating oil . So are the first choice of the world production of crude oil naphthenic insulating oil . Because less naphthenic crude oil reserves , so it developed from the middle of the base , even from the paraffin-based oil producing electrical switches . To meet the high-voltage electrical switch oil oil needs , we hydrogenated oils, benzene as raw material, developed in line with specifications SH/T0205-92 electrical switch oil, which are high-grade lubricants .

Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of various household appliances

Electrical construction electrical design basis is the most important documents, the main factors affecting the quality of the project are : the design file is executed in strict accordance with state regulations, the depth of the design and construction documents relevant professional close coordination between the degree . Therefore, the electrical design of the whole project a top priority. Decline in quality design is particularly serious in recent years . There may be multiple reasons , such as the design of the vicious competition, lower prices between companies , making the design units to reduce inputs in order to reduce costs and so on. However,  air circuit breaker  , as long as the design unit attached importance recurrent organizational design personnel to learn the relevant design standards and strengthening the design process of supervision , emphasis on document review , you can basically solve such problems , but such small changes it can make project supervision and  Circuit breaker  will benefit. Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of  electri cenergy meter  appliances , low-voltage power high harmonic pollution is increasing , three times its odd harmonic multiples constitute neutral current , neutral overcurrent and thus lead to electrical fire phenomenon is also increasing . Another example is in the process of supervisory review found that the current figure is still part of the distribution area residents building design is still used in the 1980s has been introduced methods, equipment is very backward , technical means to keep up with the times, and prone to danger.

In order to evaluate the use of high-temperature logging instrument reservoir, the demand for high-temperature circuit has been very urgent

Equipped with the first commercial application of the micro-circuit logging prototype able to 527 "F temperature. Conventional logging tools because of their electronic circuit conditions at  power transformers above 356OF can not work reliably, so the temperature of up to 52" F when the use of these instruments will be greatly limited. In order to evaluate the use of high-temperature logging instrument reservoir, the demand for high-temperature circuit has been very urgent. Reliable air circuit breaker  reservoir lithology and fluid properties, in order to determine the geothermal potential production of oil and gas reservoirs in the final. Logging can also simulate reservoir, design completion programs and production  electri cenergy meter  of groundwater temperature and chemical contamination, such as providing the necessary information. This new electronic apparatus using a thick film circuit, this circuit is to special printing film resistors, conductors and dielectric inks printed on the alumina layer and made of. After one thousand ink drying, the semiconductor increases, the circuit will be sealed.

Microcircuits more susceptible East Koshigaya electromagnetic pulse damage

As microcircuits more susceptible East Koshigaya electromagnetic pulse damage, the military authorities are implementing a unified cI protection standards. Officials from the Department of Defense has been recognized in the early 1960s to the factory MP effect - a potentially devastating nuclear explosions product. In the 1980s, the Defense Department to develop a command, control, communication and intelligent  power transformers  EMP protection guidelines. Recently, the Department of Defense and the military departments to further improve instruction more rigorous, more uniform standards to increase the deterrent against EMP. One located in Kete Lan Air Force Base (NM) of the * resuie EMP M device emulator is the largest and most  electri cenergy meter . Shown preparing Bu Wei bomber * MP shielding tests. The entire structure from the ground about 12 storeys high, all from the head and fiberglass. Both aircraft were tested subject to 5 million volts occur alum stretched pulse generator simulation field effect. The pulse generator to the test bench energy is applied around the antenna. Detonated a nuclear device, will be released in two areas powerful electromagnetic energy. In the source region (closest to the explosion point) record field strength up to 100by plus.

The introduction of nano-technology, research and development of biological sensors to a more advanced stage, the performance is greatly improved in terms of performance

Biosensor is a typical multidisciplinary product is to analyze the important areas of biotechnology , after 30 years of development, has become a matter of wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary and cross- intervention , full of innovation and dynamic field . Electrochemical biosensor research content is very rich, has been in a leading position in biosensors to obtain a large number of research results, and has been widely applied. The introduction of nano-technology , research and development of  mcb circuit breaker  to a more advanced stage , and in the performance greatly improved. Nanomaterials effect brought large surface area , good chemical stability and biocompatibility , high adsorption capacity and other characteristics can  power transformers  the biological sensing element of the fixed and signal amplification. In this thesis, starting from the assembly of ordered nano system , using the template method and the Seed Law , building excellent new  electri cenergy meter interface , in order to improve the efficiency of biological molecules fixed , orderly orientation and maintain good biological activity , while providing good electron transfer . Biosensor developed simple preparation method has excellent performance, good reliability , the advantages of easy regeneration .

No power supply unit and difficult to test

Petersen coil compensated power voltage characteristic is essential in the actual operation of the tuning parameters. Power plant or in the installation and commissioning of power  mcb circuit breaker  Petersen coil before they are made ​​on the arc suppression coil voltage characteristic tests. In the past, the majority of power plants with a separate generator for arc suppression coil test power supply is really not  electri cenergy meter . For Power Supply Bureau, the absence of the power unit and difficult to test. To solve this problem, through the practice of using the power  Circuit breaker  transformers for trial to test the arc suppression coil voltage characteristics. If the arc suppression coil volt-ampere characteristics of a good, then the rated phase voltage, should be a linear relationship. Conversely near the rated phase voltage, appeared bent.

When used by the line current, lightning over-voltage shock

Is a stationary electrical distribution transformers. Although the mechanical structure, insulated handle other aspects of general electrical have in common, but because of the rated voltage of the transformer is often very high, especially when used by the line current, lightning over-voltage shock is very likely, if the design or  electric transformer  structure often will result in defective risk of burning. A  electri cenergy meter  often the total transmission and distribution wires road hub, in the event of an accident, it will produce serious consequences. Furthermore transformer parallel operation is often used to ask the parallel operation of two transformers in performance with some of the same points, so the transformer impedance, voltage than the poor.

Management and technical reasons, there parallel operation of transformer tap different gear

To meet the need for increased electricity consumption, increasing distribution transformer (hereinafter referred to as the transformer) for parallel operation, economical, convenient and flexible, is the user's choice. However, due to administrative and technical reasons, there paralleled transformer tap different gear, causing the transformer ratio is not equal to the economic impact of transformer operation and safety, resulting in accidents, should be noted. Ectopic reasons tap  electri cenergy meter  parallel operation three necessary conditions are variable ratio equal, the same  power transformers , impedance voltage percentile equal, in which connection group in the transformer factory has been fixed, and tap gear the change will result in changes in variable ratio, once the parallel operation of  Voltage stabilizer tap switch gear are different, it will cause a transformation ratio is not equal. Old transformer tap position inconsistent transformer tap general points high, medium and low-grade, the new transformer factory is generally fixed at mid-range, and has been running since adjusting the voltage transformers and other reasons, it is not necessarily tap gear in the mid-range, and in the new transformer installation and test, without the transformer tap position for verification, they will be put into operation.

Superfine grain size is reduced into the mill, to achieve more crushing less grinding most direct means

More crushing less grinding is home to beneficiation industry recognized an effective way of energy saving and superfine grain size is reduced into the mill, to achieve more crushing less grinding most direct means. Since the loop superfine mill product size can be broken down to 4mm. In this thesis, the theory and crushing equipment prototype test  electric meter  in-depth study, to improve the mill processing capacity, reduce over crushed, full use of resources and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises has important significance. Since the circulation of Kunming  air circuit breaker ultrafine mill is an efficient low developed patented new device. It uses the binder layer crushing, secondary crushing full use of the energy. Ore in the small roller outer wall and the inner wall of a large drum  electri cenergy meter  composed of automatic cycle, has been repeatedly broken. Device uses a clever forced discharging device, discharging material against water, mud affected. In the self-circulation superfine mill design and manufacturing based on a medium-pressure material layer crushing theoretical research, experimental research and broken particle size characteristics and regularity of power investigated crushing pressure, exhaust mine clearance, a small roller speed processing capability for self-circulation ultrafine grinding mill performance.

Targeted deployment of the addition of a new substation to ensure the transmission efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity

Emergence of a group smelter, stone plants and other industries. Result of the township's electricity load increased steadily, the old substation can not adapt to new developments gradually. Faced with this situation, on one hand, the old 10KV and 35KV substation were compatibilizer and equipment renewal, on the one hand and  electri cenergy meter  of the addition of new transmission substations to ensure the efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity. Part of the update in the device, the previous old oil circuit breakers used in substations been replaced (replaced by a vacuum circuit breaker), as the output of the substation,  power transformers , the circuit breaker is a very important device. After years of practice, summed up the old oil production to gradually adapt to the circuit breaker can not be new developments and needs, compared to the oil circuit  Circuit breaker  circuit breakers, there are some technical weaknesses not only there is a big security risk. Replace the vacuum circuit breaker has a great need for oil circuit breaker. Oil circuit breaker working principle and characteristics of oil circuit breaker when the contacts are separated, so that the contacts quickly immersed in a oil-filled cylinder body to cut off the oil passage to extinguish the arc.

Cast resin dry type transformer noise pollution problems

Based on the basis of environmental protection, from cast resin dry type transformer component materials, operation, recycling point of view to analyze problems, and also studied cast resin dry type transformer noise pollution problem, the maximum extent  electri cenergy meter  cast dry-type transformers to meet environmental characteristics. Cast resin dry type  Voltage stabilizer constituent materials epoxy cast dry-type  electric meter  mainly by electromagnetic copper and aluminum materials, insulation materials and epoxy material. Epoxy resin as a flame retardant, fire, easily recyclable materials, its application greatly accelerate the development of dry-type transformers.

Production of dry-type transformers

Dry-type power transformers are widely used in all walks of life in the city has basically replaced the oil-immersed transformers, dry type power transformers in order to ensure safe operation, and do not need special maintenance and management personnel, dry type power transformers need to configure the temperature Tour electri cenergy meter control device (referred temperature controller). However, when the country can  electric meter  transformers, it was not producing  Air circuit breaker  device, rely on imports. Until 1992 domestic production began, then uses a discrete component technology, performance is poor, less functional, low precision, bulky, high failure rate, operation trouble. If using chip technology made ​​into a dry-type transformer intelligent temperature controller.

Tandem two-winding high-power DC contactor for the study

Therefore, the use of virtual prototyping technology for high-power DC contactor dynamic characteristics analysis and optimization has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, two-winding series high-power DC contactor for the study, based on virtual prototyping  air circuit breaker  with the type of the structural  electri cenergy meter  of the contactor to analyze the static mechanical properties of the reaction force, the establishment of two-winding structure equivalent circuit model, developed DC contactors dynamic Characteristics analysis of virtual  Voltage stabilizer , and thus on the dynamic characteristics of the contactor to optimize the design in order to improve its reliability and electrical life. More software co-simulation method, a high-power DC contactor dynamic characteristics analysis model.

Single fracture type classes in other high voltage circuit breakers

With sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as the extinguishing medium or a circuit breaker also be used as insulating medium. Its single fracture type classes in other high voltage circuit breaker. In EHV circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breaker component count, high reliability and breaking capacity, long maintenance cycle, no fire hazard, and  electri cenergy meter  very popular, is developing rapidly. Sulfur hexafluoride gas which is an ideal modern arc  electric meter  medium, by the Frenchman Moisan (Moissan) and Lebow (Lebeau) synthesized in 1900, 1904, began to be used as the extinguishing medium. It is due to its excellent properties with the "negative" of the discharging process, the negative electron and ion forming a plurality of negatively charged binding.

High voltage circuit breakers, the required actuator provides high points closing speed

High-voltage circuit breakers, it is required to provide both actuator points higher closing speed, but also to achieve rapid auto-reclosing operation. Existing main hydraulic actuator and spring actuator, etc., mostly constituted by a set of mechanical devices, spare parts and more complex drive mechanism, the manufacturing process requires high, and the movement is not controllable. Therefore it is  mcb circuit breaker  to study a small, fewer parts, simple structure, reliable, and controllable movement actuator. Linear electric motor is a direct conversion of the mechanical energy into linear motion driving means, and in many need for the rotary motion into linear motion of the occasion of use, which eliminates the need for an  electri cenergy meter  mechanism, so that the apparatus can be simplified, in particular, linear induction motor (C-LIM) is easy to control, regulation system is simple, and can be adjusted by changing the speed of the secondary material and thrust,  Voltage stabilizer . Features designed using the C-LIM circuit breaker operating mechanism has a simple structure, the driving force of smooth, long stroke action and other advantages, and can optimize the itinerary curve, to achieve body system servo control circuit breaker to improve performance, mechanical properties reliability.

Just from the battery and DC charging device point of view, the DC system reliability can be guaranteed

Visible single from the battery and DC charging device point of view, the DC system reliability can be guaranteed. But DC can successfully and reliably send out, whether in the DC  electri cenergy meter  when a selective removal of fault segments, to ensure that other non-fault load of work, we must rely on the loop in series with the DC output  power transformers  DC Air the normal operation of the circuit breaker and the correct fit. Because from the DC charging device output to the last one in the middle of the DC load side will  Voltage stabilizer  several fuses and DC air circuit breakers, if any of the components before and after class with properly, it will appear that a blown fuse is not blown, should not have blown a fuse has blown;

Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through arc area

Compressed air as the dielectric and insulating medium interrupter breakers. Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through the arc region, and as a pillar porcelain  electri cenergy meter ventilation to keep the cavity dry. Compressed air is first compressed to a pressure of 15 ~ 20MPa, and then reduced to 2 ~ 3 MPa to obtain a relative humidity of 15% to 20% of the dry air, which can avoid the diurnal  circuit breakers  changes by 20 ~ 30 ℃ the saturation and precipitation moisture. Air circuit breakers usually interrupter, support structures and gas system components, can be divided into instantaneous inflatable, inflatable sub-gate, often inflatable and constant pressure of four.

Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through arc area

Compressed air as the dielectric and insulating medium interrupter breakers. Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through the arc region, and as a pillar porcelain jacket chamber ventilation to keep the cavity dry. Compressed air is first  electri cenergy meter  to a pressure of 15 ~ 20MPa, and then reduced to 2 ~ 3 MPa to obtain a relative humidity of 15% to 20% of the dry air, which can avoid the diurnal Voltage stabilizer  by 20 ~ 30 ℃ the saturation and precipitation moisture. Air circuit breakers usually interrupter, support structures and gas system components, can be divided into instantaneous inflatable, inflatable sub-gate, often inflatable and constant pressure of four.

Single circuit breaker breaking capacity is more difficult to achieve a breakthrough

Limited to the current level of manufacturing processes and materials, a single circuit breaker breaking capacity is more difficult to achieve a breakthrough, focusing on long-term development of the grid, parallel technology research will be to increase capacity circuit breaker is an effective way [2-4]. High-pressure systems are widely used in  air circuit breaker  gas SF6 circuit breaker, does not meet the energy saving industry trends. Single fracture level of pressure and vacuum circuit breaker to open only a short distance  electric meter  linearly gap, the gap distance 10mm open only after the root square value proportional to [5-6], so the single fracture  electri cenergy meter  breaker more difficult to raise the level of voltage. Experiments show that the vacuum medium, multiple small gap in series to get the voltage level equal to the distance over a long gap voltage level.