Magnetic transformer circuit, the circuit frequency of the PZT-based, rather than the current duty cycle to control the fluorescent lamp

Magnetic transformer circuit , the circuit frequency of the PZT -based , rather than the duty cycle to control the fluorescent lamp . UCC3977 between the COMP pin with a pin and OSC formed programmable voltage controlled oscillator. The VCO operating frequency range for the system settings , the frequency range of the excitation frequency must PZT and the normal operating frequency is included . FB pin fluorescent lamp  electric meter  , and through PZT gain versus frequency characteristics can be controlled. PZT gain  electri cenergy meter  to be able to provide the minimum input voltage at the fluorescent lamp voltage, in order to ensure the control loop is always in the right side of the resonance . Work waveform push-pull circuit. N1 and N2 at 50% duty cycle is driven to generate the phase shift. Inductor L1 and L2  Circuit breaker  PZT primary capacitance , drain the N1 and S2 form a half sine wave. In the PZT voltage obtained across the primary near sinusoidal . Fluorescent voltage close to 600 volts in this application . Since the ceramic transformer has a high Q value, the voltage of the fluorescent lamp is a sine wave . To achieve zero- voltage switching , the drain voltage of the next switching cycle must return to zero before. This requires that the LC resonance frequency must be higher than the switching frequency.

Mine vacuum electromagnetic starter coal mine power supply system is the key equipment

Mine vacuum electromagnetic starter is one of the key equipment in coal mine power supply system, it directly affects the reliability and safety of coal power production system, so the development of high  Voltage stabilizer  electromagnetic starter has a very important  Circuit breaker . In the development of multi-loop vacuum mining electromagnetic starter controller, enabling multiple combinations of mine control and protection of large two-speed or single speed motor. Mine development and current  mcb circuit breaker  electromagnetic starter. For motor overload protection established motor heating, cooling mathematical model, proposed the use of software to simulate the temperature rise of the protection methods; analyzing the characteristics of small ground fault currents based on the application of the principle of zero sequence power direction herein Select grounded branch; addition, overvoltage, undervoltage were analyzed and the corresponding protective measures. According to the site conditions, determine the control mode controller, developed a general scheme of the controller.

Permanent magnet material properties change will inevitably affect the performance of contactor operation

Magnet contactor by conventional electromagnetic contactor evolved a new contactor, it uses the new works, to overcome the traditional electromagnetic contactor energy consumption, operating noise, by the impact of the grid voltage and large shortcomings. However, the performance of permanent magnetic materials susceptible to temperature effects and changes in material properties of permanent magnet contactor operation will inevitably affect the performance. Traditional  Circuit breaker  contactor development for a long time, the theory and dynamic characteristics of more mature. But now on permanent contact with the dynamic characteristic simulation research literature is relatively small, and did not consider at different  Voltage stabilizer  impact of changes in material properties. Therefore, this paper developed for the laboratory's permanent nominal current 63A contactors, considering different temperature changes in performance permanent magnetic materials, the establishment of the finite element model and the simulation model, at different temperatures Magnet contactor operating characteristic simulation analysis work, get action performance curve.

Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of various household appliances

Electrical construction electrical design basis is the most important documents, the main factors affecting the quality of the project are : the design file is executed in strict accordance with state regulations, the depth of the design and construction documents relevant professional close coordination between the degree . Therefore, the electrical design of the whole project a top priority. Decline in quality design is particularly serious in recent years . There may be multiple reasons , such as the design of the vicious competition, lower prices between companies , making the design units to reduce inputs in order to reduce costs and so on. However,  air circuit breaker  , as long as the design unit attached importance recurrent organizational design personnel to learn the relevant design standards and strengthening the design process of supervision , emphasis on document review , you can basically solve such problems , but such small changes it can make project supervision and  Circuit breaker  will benefit. Electrical Design violate or deviate from the design specification With the popularity of  electri cenergy meter  appliances , low-voltage power high harmonic pollution is increasing , three times its odd harmonic multiples constitute neutral current , neutral overcurrent and thus lead to electrical fire phenomenon is also increasing . Another example is in the process of supervisory review found that the current figure is still part of the distribution area residents building design is still used in the 1980s has been introduced methods, equipment is very backward , technical means to keep up with the times, and prone to danger.

Transformer inductive element showing the characteristics of

The capacitive power transformer ( referred CPT) made ​​a more detailed basic principles discussed in this paper on the basis of Intro -phase low-loss energy capacitive capacitive winding power transformers on the structure of the form of the third winding three-phase capacitive winding wiring, through no circuit tap on the regulation of  air circuit breaker  and other technical characteristics , and gives the basis of the power transformer design method on the CPT . main technical characteristics of the transformer core and by the the initial set on the core , secondary coil .  Circuit breaker  windings are wound copper wire . around the system determines whether it is primary or secondary , are the essence of an actual coil, the windings through the core is formed between the inductive coupling ,  Voltage stabilizer  is showing characteristics of the components , the power factor is of hysteresis . considering the many users of the power system for the induction motor , but also the inductive load , the power factor is lag , therefore, in order to improve the electricity network runtime power factor , the current practice is widely used in parallel electrical capacitor compensation , in order to reduce its lag phase , but there is a shunt power capacitors should not be ignored .

Major record microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation

Currently mass-produced by electronic equipment components based hybrid circuit , integrated microcircuits and multi-layer printed circuit board so requires improved testing methods miniature . Due to the current in the development and production of microcircuits used in quality inspection method is not able to find some defects , especially some internal injury . Therefore, the hope of a new approach that primarily records microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation. Current  Voltage stabilizer  of a thermal imaging device an infrared scanning microscope activity model to test stick together , integrated microcircuits and  Circuit breaker  circuit board . Its main components are: the optical head on the table with the coordinates of the object to study units, the control section ,  circuit breakers  section , the power console , auto body parts and electrical code conversion , with power and temperature control part of the standard radiator . Hope satin commission by two spherical child training , punctuality decision bajia mounted lens composition of the work , its spectral range of 3 ~ G micron , magnification day twenty-one 10 times and a numerical aperture of 0.6 . Used by the receiver to 77OK indium antimonide infrared detectors , sensitive area of ​​75 x75 microns. The input window of the detector 5 is a mechanical chopper M, given the target of the infrared radiation flux fixed modulation frequency.

No power supply unit and difficult to test

Petersen coil compensated power voltage characteristic is essential in the actual operation of the tuning parameters. Power plant or in the installation and commissioning of power  mcb circuit breaker  Petersen coil before they are made ​​on the arc suppression coil voltage characteristic tests. In the past, the majority of power plants with a separate generator for arc suppression coil test power supply is really not  electri cenergy meter . For Power Supply Bureau, the absence of the power unit and difficult to test. To solve this problem, through the practice of using the power  Circuit breaker  transformers for trial to test the arc suppression coil voltage characteristics. If the arc suppression coil volt-ampere characteristics of a good, then the rated phase voltage, should be a linear relationship. Conversely near the rated phase voltage, appeared bent.

Input hysteresis nonlinear dynamical systems

As nanoscience and nanotechnology, the rapid development of micro-displacement piezoelectric actuator platform has become microscopic precision manufacturing equipment operation and processing to achieve a core component. However, piezoelectric actuators  Voltage stabilizer  hysteresis effect exists, it will cause the system accuracy tolerance, easy to produce oscillations, and even closed-loop system is unstable. In addition, micro-displacement piezoelectric actuator platform containing input Circuit breaker  dynamical systems, the existing mathematical model can not accurately describe the dynamics of this complex, resulting in precise  Electric transformer  model-based control and optimization strategies difficult to use. This controller is designed to compensate the hysteresis has brought great challenges. In this dissertation PZT micro-displacement platform object-depth study of nonlinear hysteresis compensation control theory and methods, aimed at eliminating piezoelectric actuator hysteresis effect on the driving accuracy, driving the piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement nanometer precision motion control platform, expanding piezoelectric actuators in precision manufacturing equipment application.

Targeted deployment of the addition of a new substation to ensure the transmission efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity

Emergence of a group smelter, stone plants and other industries. Result of the township's electricity load increased steadily, the old substation can not adapt to new developments gradually. Faced with this situation, on one hand, the old 10KV and 35KV substation were compatibilizer and equipment renewal, on the one hand and  electri cenergy meter  of the addition of new transmission substations to ensure the efficiency and the reliability and quality of electricity. Part of the update in the device, the previous old oil circuit breakers used in substations been replaced (replaced by a vacuum circuit breaker), as the output of the substation,  power transformers , the circuit breaker is a very important device. After years of practice, summed up the old oil production to gradually adapt to the circuit breaker can not be new developments and needs, compared to the oil circuit  Circuit breaker  circuit breakers, there are some technical weaknesses not only there is a big security risk. Replace the vacuum circuit breaker has a great need for oil circuit breaker. Oil circuit breaker working principle and characteristics of oil circuit breaker when the contacts are separated, so that the contacts quickly immersed in a oil-filled cylinder body to cut off the oil passage to extinguish the arc.

Run environmentally friendly epoxy cast dry-type transformers to the rapid development

With power generation and electricity consumption increased rapidly, dry-type transformers in China has been rapid development, especially with the national scientific development concept and the ideas of the sustainable development, with excellent performance and  air circuit breaker  friendly epoxy cast dry run transformers to rapid development. Cast resin dry type transformer is a kind of good flame resistance, reliability and easy Circuit breaker  of electrical  power transformers  in the sea oil systems, electrical systems, and many other aspects of a more broad application, especially in recent public environmental heightened awareness, cast resin dry type transformer applications are gaining more rapid development.

On behalf of the transformer circuit breaker with bypass breaker operation

Double busbar three main segments with bypass wiring problems present a lot of 500kV Substation 220kV double busbar system uses three main segments with bypass wiring. This wiring 500kV substation in actual operation, on behalf of the transformer in the bypass breaker breaker protection on many occasions during the operation  mcb circuit breaker , operating personnel misuse of accidents, this is mainly due to the operation of the current  electric meter  must be considered transformer (TA) circuit, the DC circuit, protection circuit and the outlet boot failure protection  Circuit breaker such as circuit switching, which switches on the operating personnel and the protection devices in high demand, especially in some less flexible protection switching, complicated operation , you can not fast operation.

Since sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker as the main medium is sulfur hexafluoride gas

The main features of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker as sulfur hexafluoride as the main medium is sulfur  electric transformer  gas, therefore, the circuit breaker itself, lighter weight, the volume is relatively small, and the structure is relatively simple, the noise is relatively low.  Circuit breaker  sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker relatively long service life, but also easy to maintain. Specific characteristics can be  mcb circuit breaker as sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker following two aspects: 1. Safety and high reliability. Sulfur hexafluoride gas is an inert gas, itself non-toxic, colorless, odorless, nonflammable, strong electronegativity, with excellent arc performance. High dielectric strength of air at atmospheric pressure for the three insulating gas.

The basic principle of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker working principle and characteristics of (a) the basic working principle of sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker, also known as sulfur hexafluoride SF6  air circuit breaker , it is a kind of sulfur hexafluoride gas as the arc and dielectric circuit breaker. Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker works is when  Circuit breaker  circuit breakers sulfur hexafluoride gas pressure decline, reached the first alarm, the relay followed by action and send qi pressure signal; when the gas   power transformers   continues to drop, reached the second alarm, the relay operates again and also issued a closure pressure signal to the circuit breaker closing circuit is disconnected, in order to achieve sub-closing latch.

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene after the inspection

General provisions (a) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker arrived at the scene after the inspection. 1) out of the box should be checked before packing undamaged. 2) equipment, parts, spare parts and special tools and instruments should be complete,  circuit breakers  deformation. 3) insulation should be no deformation, moisture, cracks and peeling. 4) ceramic surface should be smooth, without cracks and defects,  mcb circuit breaker  be no blisters. 5) filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas components, the pressure value should meet the technical requirements. 6) factory documents and  Circuit breaker  information should be complete. (2) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene and the subsequent custody. 1) Original equipment shall be placed on the flat, no water, no corrosive gases venue.

Less oil circuit breaker role of transformer oil

The use of transformer oil or oil as a dedicated circuit breaker contact between the insulation and arc-quenching medium, and the insulation of the circuit breakers with solid insulation. Less oil circuit breaker transformer oil's role and interrupter  air circuit breaker  types and more oil is basically the same, but the fuel consumption is a lot less than the oil circuit breaker. Typical outdoor high-voltage circuit  mcb circuit breaker  less oil as shown schematically, which contains interrupter, intermediaries boxes, porcelain pillar and base, and several  Circuit breaker . Less oil circuit breakers are mainly developed European countries, the purpose is fuel efficient. In the 1940s, less oil circuit breaker breaking capacity and service life are very limited.

Excitation system, turbine generator set technical requirements

Technical requirements and system-wide excitation systems for turbine generator set technical requirements are mainly: excitation system inside the unit and an electrical  Circuit breaker , they can reliably stop excitation, and in the drying process to ensure the rotor winding over-voltage value is not over the long-term safe operation of the insulation  mcb circuit breaker conditions allowed values​​, so that drying deexcitation time as short as possible, in order to try to limit the scope of the accident; electric field breaker should be able to distant switching,  circuit breakers ; system failure can be self diagnostic alarm, easy maintenance. Demagnetization resistance parameter selection is often due excitation resistor can also be used as the rotor winding over-voltage protection.

The digitized output and adapt to network wiring and other obvious advantages to meet the miniaturization of power system equipment

With modern power systems to high pressure, long-distance, large-capacity in the direction of, the traditional electromagnetic transformer insulation because of its complex structure, magnetic saturation, bulky, difficult to meet the cost of the disadvantages of modern development. In recent years, the emergence of electronic transformer, with its digital output and adapt to network wiring and other obvious  Electric energy meter  the power system equipment miniaturization, intelligence, good safety and the quality of economic operation and high reliability needs of the digital substation play an important role. Therefore, the combination of digital  Voltage stabilizer  equipment detect trends and needs, establish electronic transformer model is an increasing need for electronic transformer Transfer Characteristics and study of the impact on the protection of great  Circuit breaker  significance and practical value. This paper mainly electronic current transformers as the main line, the first in analyzing its structure and measuring principle based on the active-type software completed electronic current transformer sensor head and analog signal processing system modeling work, derive the transfer function model and the simulation parameters into the prototype model of the frequency characteristics and error factors.

Electronic transformer has many characteristics superior to conventional transformers

Electronic transformer air circuit breaker having a lot better than the traditional features such as light weight, good linearity, easy and digital measurement and protection equipment interfaces. This paper uses a gas-insulated switchgear for the new combined current and voltage transformers, transformer by the current sensor, power transformers and the digital converter consists of three parts. The measurement is based on the coil current and voltage measurement is based on a capacitive divider. Digital converter FPGA as the core, using numerical Circuit breaker techniques to restore the measured current and voltage signals. Digital converter of the current sensor and the voltage sensor output is converted to a digital optical signal via the optical fiber to the control room.

Not have any impact of electromagnetic radiation on the human body

In fact, not just any electromagnetic radiation on the human body has an impact, as long as the intensity is not, there is air circuit breaker to the human body. As for the market to sell the products anti-electromagnetic radiation, mostly without any effect, we should not be deceived. Remember, electromagnetic shielding method only with circuit breakers or metal plate, or on the use of thick concrete or soil to absorb. If you can not shield strength of strong Circuit breaker waves, so you will not be affected only way to stay away from the radiation source, because of the intensity of electromagnetic waves and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is twice the distance of the original, the intensity is reduced to the original quarter.

No electromagnetic wave propagation medium, with the frequency of electromagnetic waves in different media at different speeds

Transverse electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic field, the electric field and perpendicular to the traveling direction of the three. Amplitude in the vertical direction along the propagation direction for the alternating cycle, the intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, the wave energy to drive itself, the energy power anywhere proportional to the square of the amplitude. Is equal to the speed of light c (3 × 10 ^ 8m / s). In the space propagation of electric meter waves, the nearest electric (magnetic field) strength in the same direction, the magnitude of the maximum distance between two points, that is, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave λ, the number of changes per second is the electromagnetic frequency f. The relationship between the formula by c = λf. No electromagnetic wave propagation medium, with the frequency of electromagnetic waves in different media at different speeds. Different frequencies of Circuit breaker waves, propagate in the same medium, the higher the frequency the greater the refractive index, the smaller the speed. And the electromagnetic wave only in a homogeneous medium to the same along a straight line, if the same kind of medium is uneven, the electromagnetic wave in which the refractive index is not the same, in such a medium is transmitted along the curve. Air circuit breaker media occurs when the refraction, reflection, diffraction, scattering, and absorption, etc. Propagation of electromagnetic waves propagate along the surface of the ground wave propagation in the air as well as from the air waves and sky. The longer the wavelength the less the attenuation, the longer the wavelength of electromagnetic waves are also more likely to continue to spread around obstacles. Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves can happen refraction, reflection, diffraction, interference, because all the waves have volatility. Diffraction, refraction, reflection, interference belong volatility.