Resin dry type transformer life cycle

Life Cycle: full performance from the beginning to the body to give a complete loss of the performance of the entire process . An insulating material , an insulating structure or even to a electrical products , is not a simple body , is required to have multiple components , such as electrical, mechanical and physicochemical properties. In its lifetime , an essential element of any failures have led to the end of its life . So, end of life is sometimes manifested as natural aging type , sometimes manifested as sudden unexpected . Many factors affect the life . Naturally, the internal and external factors, external factors act by internal factors . From the composition of the structure, the life of the resin  air circuit breaker  transformers consists of life , the life of insulation , structural fasteners life electromagnetic structure of three parts. Practice has proved that the elements that play a decisive role in the life of the insulation structure. For resin insulation dry-type power transformers,  circuit breakers  except SiO2 inorganic materials , all the rest of the organic polymer materials and organic materials accounted for 40 % -60 % volume fraction of insulation . Shielding material is oxygen and water as well as in organic matter decomposition temperature of the work environment , their life is almost timeless. Therefore, the resin insulation dry-type power transformer coil insulation life depends on the structure of the resin parts. Many factors affect the life of the insulation structure . Are: the electric field distribution and strength ; role of electric power and strength ; operating temperature and the stress state ; composition structure and composition of the insulating properties of the merits of the material ; operating environment of the product. Therefore , to achieve the life of the transformer, advocates from the " embryo " to start . Transformer life given by the manufacturer , parenting by the user.

The system is running at less than optimal gain state, so light load conversion efficiency at light load conditions will also fall

The maximum inductance to satisfy this condition can be obtained from the following equation: When the drive circuit 600 volt fluorescent light, the efficiency curve of a multilayer PZT has a push-pull topology. When the input voltage is low, the conversion efficiency is higher than 85%; at high input voltage, the conversion efficiency decreases with the decrease in gain of PZT. Magnetic and  circuit breakers , the linear approach to reducing the fluorescent lamp dimming to reduce work efficiency. In the magnetic circuit of the transformer, the loss due to the circulating current in the resonant circuit with the generated electric current  mcb circuit breaker  the fluorescent lamp and maintain independent constant, the decrease in the conversion efficiency at light loads. In PZT circuit, since the system is running under light load conditions below the optimum gain state, the light load  Voltage stabilizer  efficiency will fall. Light load efficiency of these two circuits can be improved using pulse dimming technology. This method can visually sensed higher than the frequency modulation of the duty cycle by on / off control the average current of the fluorescent lamp, the fluorescent lamp working at full load current.

Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis System

Power transformer complex structure, its failure in the form of complex. Traditional power transformer fault diagnosis method is offline transformer electrical test , this method is difficult to real-time fault detection and may cause excessive maintenance ; Another method is based on the analysis of dissolved gases in oil fault diagnosis method for the detection of faults is very valid, but can not locate the fault . Therefore, this research and the development of  mcb circuit breaker  fault diagnosis system . The main results paper : This paper presents fault tree-based support vector machine classifier design . First, the tree-based fault classifier used in the inverter fault diagnosis in the establishment phase inverter model and get 66 fault waveform using wavelet  electric transformer  singular value decomposition method to extract fault waveform characteristic value , and then use tree-based support vector machine waveform classification , the experimental results show that the tree-based support vector machines for  circuit breakers  timing sequence of more than 95% ; article will be based on fault tree support vector machine classifiers applied to the power transformer fault diagnosis the classifier can achieve the properties of the 10 transformer fault classification results show that the classification accuracy rate of 90 % or more.

Open current zero crossing, which can effectively reduce the over-voltage and surge current impulses

Low-voltage contactors are the most widely used one of the electrical equipment , but the existing electrical contacts , the average life expectancy is only its mechanical life of 1 /10 to 1 /20. In the electricity sector, power switching capacitor contactor normally have to bear the huge inrush current and over- voltage shock , causing it  circuit breakers  to damage. Open / close as selected by the voltage / current zero crossing , which can effectively reduce the over-voltage and surge current shock , and extend the life of the electrical contacts , improve  electric transformer  and power quality , especially for power capacitors, motors and other conditions , if the split-phase adaptive control can effectively avoid the transient overvoltage and surge . Split-phase adaptive control of the basic concepts of adaptive control of the basic split-phase voltage zero crossing points are closed , current zero when disconnected. Its core is the use of  Voltage stabilizer  fast sampling , analysis and calculation and data storage advantages , give full consideration to a variety of mechanical switches to accept instructions from the actuator ( energized ) the action is completed ( contact closure or vice versa ) of the time, so contactor contacts are voltage zero crossing is closed off at current zero , to avoid transient over- voltage and surge current pair of contacts hazards , reducing contact wear.

Major record microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation

Currently mass-produced by electronic equipment components based hybrid circuit , integrated microcircuits and multi-layer printed circuit board so requires improved testing methods miniature . Due to the current in the development and production of microcircuits used in quality inspection method is not able to find some defects , especially some internal injury . Therefore, the hope of a new approach that primarily records microcircuits working condition inherent thermal radiation. Current  Voltage stabilizer  of a thermal imaging device an infrared scanning microscope activity model to test stick together , integrated microcircuits and  Circuit breaker  circuit board . Its main components are: the optical head on the table with the coordinates of the object to study units, the control section ,  circuit breakers  section , the power console , auto body parts and electrical code conversion , with power and temperature control part of the standard radiator . Hope satin commission by two spherical child training , punctuality decision bajia mounted lens composition of the work , its spectral range of 3 ~ G micron , magnification day twenty-one 10 times and a numerical aperture of 0.6 . Used by the receiver to 77OK indium antimonide infrared detectors , sensitive area of ​​75 x75 microns. The input window of the detector 5 is a mechanical chopper M, given the target of the infrared radiation flux fixed modulation frequency.

Biotechnology to develop the sensor, there biosensor

Sensor is an information detection, transmission devices, mainly by the sensor, transducer, testing and other components by its access to information and the transmission of information, coupled with the computer work, the outcome _ Previously, sensors sensitive materials is done by _ composed of electronic components present, the sensor to develop biotechnology, there biosensor organisms or materials  mcb circuit breaker  with the corresponding physical, chemical sensing device combination, they formed a biosensor in the late 1960s, American Scientist first, the successful development of glucose oxidase and measured oxygen  air circuit breaker  of the first bio-sensors that identify the components in order to make the enzyme, known as circuit breakers in vivo. every moment in the event of complex biochemical reactions, which have a close relationship with the enzyme enzyme, a specific protein, the catalytic role in vivo, and that each enzyme has a specific role of the object enzyme called "specificity" _ this specificity for the analysis of complex organic compounds created the preconditions.

Functionally graded piezoelectric material and related functionally graded piezoelectric bending drive

However, in practice the process of preparing the drive, a continuous distribution of the material component is difficult, replaced by a multilayer structure. In this paper, tape casting process to prepare a series of functionally graded  electric meter  material and related  Voltage stabilizer graded piezoelectric bending drive. The main contents include: the use of conventional solid phase synthesis method to prepare based piezoelectric ceramic powders; right PNN-PZT-based  circuit breakers ceramic powder slurry was cast performance studies; tape casting process used to prepare a series of casting sheet; Preparation piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties of a gradient in the thickness direction changes functionally graded piezoelectric material;

Piezo linear drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism piezoelectric

Inertial the analysis of the current status of the piezoelectric actuator based on the proposed piezoelectric bimorph transducer element as the driving force, by controlling the moving mechanism and the support surface between the positive pressure on the friction ordered changes in the formation of directional movement novel piezoelectric drive. Based on this method, the design of the linear piezoelectric drive mcb circuit breaker and the rotary type piezoelectric drive mechanism. Specific studies are as follows: Through the analysis of the characteristics of piezoelectric material, indicating bimorph can be used as the basic element to achieve inertial impaction. Discusses the use of piezoelectric bimorph vibrator  circuit breakers positive pressure changes inertial piezoelectric drive mechanism of the structure and drive mechanism, the kinematic characteristics were analyzed. Analyzed by the finite element software vibrator vibrator structural parameters on the ends of the static deformation and natural frequency; Voltage stabilizer and experimental testing of two analytical methods for the selected bimorph vibrator were static and dynamic characterization. Tested by experiment, select the appropriate sector of the piezoelectric actuator drive power signal; analyzes the drive supply voltage, operating frequency, and the speed and load on the body of step rule, proposed control method.

Breaker with the new substation secondary system connected

Vacuum circuit breakers are widely used in electric railway traction substation, opening and closing with the partition. To strengthen professional training facilities, colleges configured the model circuit breakers, used to simulate the traction substation feeder circuit breaker and  Voltage stabilizer  the circuit breaker operation and control. 2010 These circuit breakers with the new substation secondary system  air circuit breaker  traction substation practical teaching. This model breaker body is set on a "remote / local" control mode switch. During a maintenance test, when this switch in the "local" bit operation, the circuit breaker tripping. After  circuit breakers , the original of this switch is not wired. Recovery wiring then "local" bit operation, the control panel found that the position of the circuit breaker on the corresponding LED is off, light plate light "control loop break," Computer Protection issued a "soft alarm." This seriously affects the normal surveillance equipment, easily cause misjudgment. At this point, we estimate that the construction is likely to eliminate this anomaly, intentionally missed the switch.

Transformation and cast resin dry type epoxy resin dry type transformer wrapping

Dry-type transformers are insulated with NOMEX paper is impregnated with resin dry type transformer and cast resin insulation dry-type epoxy transformation and wrap dry change. The former is a non-locked-in type, the latter two are locked-in type. For temperature  Voltage stabilizer , non-encapsulation type is mainly by convection and radiation to heat directly into the atmosphere, and the encapsulation type must first heat conduction through the way, the heat transmitted through the resin  circuit breakers  the winding, winding temperature difference between the surface of the resin can not be ignored Therefore, the second method is particularly suitable for cast resin dry type transformer temperature rise. That the winding Heat is  Electric energy meter  the surface by heat conduction, mainly by convection and radiation and scattered into the air, therefore, temperature rise should include two parts, heat conduction and convection.

Improved cast resin dry type transformer short circuit ability

Dry-type transformer short-circuit test problems were analyzed simultaneously proposed to improve the cast resin dry type transformer short-circuit capacity improvement measures. Short circuit test problems high dry-type transformers, low voltage winding their way around the system, and whether pouring classification, and a table of high and low voltage dry-type  mcb circuit breaker  can be used arbitrarily high and low voltage circuit breakers  form of combination. Respect for these combinations will dry type transformer short circuit test problems are summarized below. Dry-type  Voltage stabilizer  wrapped inspection classified substandard products accounted for about 6%. Symptom is winding displacement, eccentric, and even high and low voltage windings was smooth, counterclockwise rotation.

With epoxy cast dry-type power transformers with explosion-proof, flame retardant

Mine is currently widely used in oil-immersed transformer has many deficiencies. With the development of science and technology, new materials, new technology emerging, with cast resin dry type power  air circuit breaker  with explosion-proof, flame retardant, moisture, can be at 100% humidity environment safe operation, no pollution, anti short circuit, resistant to lightning impulse, strong overload capacity, low energy, low noise, small size, light weight, economic and Voltage stabilizer  performance, etc.,  circuit breakers  replace oil-immersed transformers. In the coal power system, reliability of supply are higher, the temperature rise is epoxy cast dry-type transformer applications in mines of the key issues to be addressed.

Combined with the most advanced data storage technology design

New air-cooled dry-type transformers generation of computer temperature controller, using the U.S. production of single-chip computer to control the core, combined with the most advanced data storage technology designed to make the whole product  air circuit breaker  scaled to a new level. And traditional analog and digital circuit temperature controllers, because using high-performance micro-controller, the product can   Electric energy meter  number of required electronic  circuit breakers  for more than half of the circuit design and structural design greatly simplified, so that a very greatly improve the operational reliability of the entire product. The analog and digital circuit temperature controller failure rate is very high.

Timing operation can be achieved with the relay, interlock control, a variety of quantitative control and loss of pressure and undervoltage protection

AC contactors are widely used in automatic control circuit, is an automated control of low-voltage electrical appliances, mainly used frequently make or break off diplomatic relations, the DC circuit, control capacity, can use the main contact to open and close the circuit for remote operation, with auxiliary contacts to  mcb circuit breaker  commands, timed operation can be achieved with the relays, interlock control, a variety of quantitative control and loss of voltage and under-voltage protection. Currently, AC contactor mainly focused on its magnetic, electric and sports  Voltage stabilizer  analysis and optimization, particularly in the electromagnetic and electric analysis and optimization of the more popular and more practical significance. In this paper, with a different AC contactor auxiliary contacts, using experimental and simulation method, the AC contactor static  circuit breakers  properties of the system, combined with different auxiliary contacts of the reaction force characteristics of the electromagnetic system optimization.

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene after the inspection

General provisions (a) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker arrived at the scene after the inspection. 1) out of the box should be checked before packing undamaged. 2) equipment, parts, spare parts and special tools and instruments should be complete,  circuit breakers  deformation. 3) insulation should be no deformation, moisture, cracks and peeling. 4) ceramic surface should be smooth, without cracks and defects,  mcb circuit breaker  be no blisters. 5) filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas components, the pressure value should meet the technical requirements. 6) factory documents and  Circuit breaker  information should be complete. (2) sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers arrived at the scene and the subsequent custody. 1) Original equipment shall be placed on the flat, no water, no corrosive gases venue.

In contact with the wall of the arc splitter plates, accelerated cooling of the arc

Using the principle of magnetic arc blow a circuit breaker. Column using a magnetic field by the electromagnetic force on the arc that drives the arc into the grid sheet is  electric transformer  a set of arc chamber wall of the arc in contact with the gate sheet, accelerated cooling of the arc, to enhance ionization of the arc off quickly. In  power transformers with the gate films of different materials, magnetic blow circuit breakers are generally divided into metal gate chip and insulating grid sheet two. Magnetic blow-piece metal gate structure of the circuit  circuit breakers  in principle, a gate conductive film is a metal, the electromagnetic force of the arc into a grid sheet, the arc is divided into a number of short, when the current zero after every a short arc gap on the dielectric strength can be up to several hundred volts.

Heating effect of current bending deformation of the bimetal causes

Hot air circuit breaker tripping mechanism generally bimetal composition, when the current through, due to the thermal effect causes the current bimetal bending. If the current  air circuit breaker  the allowable range, that will lead to mechanical linkage mechanism, so that the air circuit breaker contacts open, that is, switch tripping,  circuit breakers . Overall  Voltage stabilizer  test rig into the air circuit breaker factory inspection and automatically adjusts quickly hot air circuit breaker tripping mechanism two parts, this system has a function switch, rapid testing and automatic adjustment of heat release two blocked. After a system reset, respectively, according to the position of the switch into its own program.

Microelectronics technology as the core control technology has been successfully applied in a variety of low-voltage electrical

With the sensor technology, microelectronics technology, low-voltage electrical appliances in the experience from the electronic type electromagnetic development, has begun to enter intelligent. Microelectronic technology as the core control  air circuit breaker  has been successfully applied in a variety of low-voltage electrical , not only improved switching performance, but to some extent also promote the secondary grid  circuit breakers  innovation. voltage air circuit breakers are electrical areas, China is now using ZDS marine DC air circuit breaker protection program has been stuck in a very long time imitation of the former Soviet Union on the product model, application of traditional electromagnetic circuit breaker main problems are: voltage level, current level, breaking capacity is not enough;  power transformers  overcurrent protection current range of motion, lack of precision, reliability is poor; breaker adjustment, repair is not convenient and abroad from the 1990s, the latter began to develop a new generation of AC ACB products are generally achieve high performance, electronic, intelligent, modular, product line, size, variety, wide coverage, able to adapt to low-voltage power distribution, control systems and complete sets of equipment development requirements. developed with electronic overcurrent protection devices or smart breaker breaker breaker breaking capacity increased to improve the overall technical performance has become China's development of marine DC air circuit breakers the inevitable trend.

Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through arc area

Compressed air as the dielectric and insulating medium interrupter breakers. Strongly compressed air to extinguish the arc through the arc region, and as a pillar porcelain  electri cenergy meter ventilation to keep the cavity dry. Compressed air is first compressed to a pressure of 15 ~ 20MPa, and then reduced to 2 ~ 3 MPa to obtain a relative humidity of 15% to 20% of the dry air, which can avoid the diurnal  circuit breakers  changes by 20 ~ 30 ℃ the saturation and precipitation moisture. Air circuit breakers usually interrupter, support structures and gas system components, can be divided into instantaneous inflatable, inflatable sub-gate, often inflatable and constant pressure of four.

Excitation system, turbine generator set technical requirements

Technical requirements and system-wide excitation systems for turbine generator set technical requirements are mainly: excitation system inside the unit and an electrical  Circuit breaker , they can reliably stop excitation, and in the drying process to ensure the rotor winding over-voltage value is not over the long-term safe operation of the insulation  mcb circuit breaker conditions allowed values​​, so that drying deexcitation time as short as possible, in order to try to limit the scope of the accident; electric field breaker should be able to distant switching,  circuit breakers ; system failure can be self diagnostic alarm, easy maintenance. Demagnetization resistance parameter selection is often due excitation resistor can also be used as the rotor winding over-voltage protection.